Fig. 1. (a) 3ds Max model of cold shield; (b) Cold shield triangulation

Fig. 2. Triangle and emission point

Fig. 3. Generate random points inside the triangle

Fig. 4. Generate uniformly distributed random points inside the triangle

Fig. 5. Emission direction of energy bundle

Fig. 6. Solid surfaces radiate energy

Fig. 7. Spatial distribution of surface radiant energy by Monte Carlo method

Fig. 8. Flow chart of angle factor calculation

Fig. 9. Two parallel rectangular surface

Fig. 10. Two coaxial parallel disk surfaces

Fig. 11. Two vertical rectangular surfaces

Fig. 12. Monte Carlo solution of angle factor

Fig. 13. Relative error of two parallel rectangular surfaces

Fig. 14. Relative error of two coaxial parallel disk surfaces

Fig. 15. Relative error of two vertical rectangular surfaces

Fig. 16. Dewar

Fig. 17. Dewar triangulation

Fig. 18. The angle factor X_2,2 of Dewar

Fig. 19. The angle factor X_2,13 of Dewar