Spatio-temporal characteristics of soil protection efforts of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi Province

Primary	Secondary	Intensity
1 Water erosion	11 Surface erosion	111Trace 112 Slight 113 Moderate
	11 Surface erosion	114 High 115 Severe 116 Extreme
	12 Gullying	121Trace 122 Slight 123 Moderate
	12 Gullying	124 High 125 Severe 126 Extreme
2 Wind erosion	20 No sub-classes	201Trace 202 Slight 203 Moderate
2 Wind erosion	20 No sub-classes	204 High 205 Severe 206 Extreme
3 Freeze-thaw erosion	30 No sub-classes	301Trace 302 Slight 303 Moderate
3 Freeze-thaw erosion	30 No sub-classes	304 High
4 Gravitational erosion	40 No sub-classes	No intensity grading
5 Man-made erosion	50 No sub-classes	No intensity grading

Table 2.
Soil erosion classification standards
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Table 2.
Soil erosion classification standards
Level Average erosion modulus (t/ha·a)
1 Trace erosion < 10
2 Slight erosion 10-25
3 Moderate erosion 25-50
4 High erosion 50-80
5 Severe erosion 80-150
6 Extreme erosion ≥ 150

Table 3.
RUSLE model simulation results

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Table 3.
RUSLE model simulation results

Erosion level	Theoretical value (t/ha)	Verification points	No. of points with simulated values within the theoretical value range	Correct judgement rate (%)	2005 model simulated average (t/ha)
Trace	<10	50	38	76.00	7.89
Slight	10-25	46	33	71.74	17.90
Moderate	25-50	56	39	69.64	37.29
High	50-80	46	28	60.87	61.61
Severe	80-150	50	37	74.00	89.43
Extreme	≥ 150	73	38	52.05	123.42

Table 4.
Hydrological station data

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Table 4.
Hydrological station data

Station name	Catchment area (10⁴ ha)	Sediment runoff (10⁸ t)	Sediment runoff modulus (t/ha)
Wenjiachuan	86.45	0.11	12.72
Baijiachaun	296.62	0.96	32.36
Ganguyi	58.91	0.22	37.35
Huangfuchuan	31.99	0.14	43.76
Zhuangtou	251.54	0.70	27.83
Longmen	4975.52	2.36	4.75

Table 5.
Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013
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Table 5.
Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013
2000 2010 2013
Soil erosion(10⁴ t) Proportion^*(%) Soil erosion(10⁴ t) Proportion^*(%) Soil erosion(10⁴ t) Proportion^*(%)
Yan’an 11856.38 43.13 6484.56 40.59 5503.15 35.46
Yulin 15631.69 56.87 9493.14 59.41 10016.61 64.54

Table 6.
Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

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Table 6.
Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Type of change	Region		Yan’an		Yulin
Type of change	Soil erosion(10⁴ t)	Proportion^*(%)	Soil erosion(10⁴ t)	Proportion^* (%)	Soil erosion(10⁴ t)	Proportion^*(%)
Farmland→Forest	-217.11	-43.91	-129.05	-43.18	-88.06	-45.02
Farmland→Grassland	-654.29	-48.51	-391.28	-47.93	-263.01	-49.39
Farmland→Water body	-0.26	-24.49	-0.10	-33.99	-0.16	-20.94
Farmland→Construction	-13.84	-38.31	-7.57	-43.10	-6.28	-33.79
Farmland→Unutilized	-0.40	-28.14	-0.19	-25.72	-0.21	-30.75
Total reductions	-885.90	-47.08	-528.18	-46.59	-357.71	-47.82

Table 7.
Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

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Table 7.
Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

Type of change	Region		Yan’an		Yulin
Type of change	Soil erosion(t)	Proportion^*(%)	Soil erosion(t)	Proportion^*(%)	Soil erosion(t)	Proportion^*(%)
Farmland→Forest	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Farmland→Grassland	-45.50	-51.98	0.00	0.00	-45.50	-51.98
Farmland→Water body	-295.72	-7.24	-44.67	-4.67	-251.05	-8.02
Farmland→Construction	-2162.13	-15.32	130.87	3.05	-2293.00	-23.35
Farmland→Unutilized	1880.37	10.26	-193.36	-43.39	2073.73	11.59
Total reductions	-622.97	-1.70	-107.17	-1.88	-515.81	-1.67

Table 8.
Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

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Table 8.
Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

	2000 mean soil erosion modulus (t/ha)	2010 mean soil erosion modulus (t/ha)	2000-2010 change in soil erosion modulus (%)
Repurposed farmland	48.22	25.52	-47.08
Non-repurposed farmland	38.41	27.43	-28.60
Whole of northern Shaanxi	34.66	20.15	-41.87

Table 9.
Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

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Table 9.
Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

	2000 mean soil erosion modulus (t/ha)	2010 mean soil erosion modulus (t/ha)	2000-2010 change in soil erosion modulus (%)
Repurposed terraced farmland	15.21	14.58	-4.17
Repurposed sloping farmland	50.66	26.30	-48.09
Non-repurposed terraced farmland	16.74	15.84	-5.38
Non-repurposed sloping farmland	41.57	29.12	-29.95

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Wenchao LIU, Jiyuan LIU, Wenhui KUANG. Spatio-temporal characteristics of soil protection efforts of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 401

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Paper Information

Received: Apr. 16, 2019

Accepted: Jun. 22, 2019

Published Online: Sep. 29, 2020

The Author Email: KUANG Wenhui (kuangwh@igsnrr.ac.cn)

DOI:10.1007/s11442-020-1734-7

Topics

Resource Economy

Research Articles

Table 1. National soil erosion classification system

Table 1. National soil erosion classification system

Table 2. Soil erosion classification standards

Table 2. Soil erosion classification standards

Table 3. RUSLE model simulation results

Table 3. RUSLE model simulation results

Table 4. Hydrological station data

Table 4. Hydrological station data

Table 5. Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013

Table 5. Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013

Table 6. Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 6. Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 7. Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

Table 7. Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

Table 8. Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 8. Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 9. Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 9. Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 1.
National soil erosion classification system

Table 1.
National soil erosion classification system

Table 2.
Soil erosion classification standards

Table 2.
Soil erosion classification standards

Table 3.
RUSLE model simulation results

Table 3.
RUSLE model simulation results

Table 4.
Hydrological station data

Table 4.
Hydrological station data

Table 5.
Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013

Table 5.
Statistical analysis of soil erosion in Yan’an and Yulin in 2000, 2010 and 2013

Table 6.
Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 6.
Soil erosion moduli change of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 7.
Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

Table 7.
Changes in soil erosion resulting from repurposing farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2010 and 2013

Table 8.
Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 8.
Changes in the soil erosion moduli of different regions of northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 9.
Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010

Table 9.
Changing soil erosion moduli of terraced and sloping farmland in northern Shaanxi between 2000 and 2010