Fig. 1. (a) Drawing of the target assembly, depicting the three motorized stages and a rotating wheel. (b) Picture of a target wheel design for 10 Hz operation. (c) Zoomed-in picture of the target wheel, showing the craters on the targets after their irradiation.

Fig. 2. Picture of the setup used for the validation of the target positioning system.

Fig. 3. (a) 3D surface map of the aluminium target foils installed at the multi-target wheel. (b) Surface profile of the first approximately 1000 impact positions before (black curve) and after (red curve) correction. (c) Zoomed-in view of the deviation of the impact positions after the correction shown in (b). Each impact position appears represented by an individual marker, and the straight line shows the 3-point moving average of the deviations.

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the experimental setup used at the L2A2.

Fig. 5. (a) Time-of-flight signal of the laser-driven ions. The line and shaded area represent, respectively, the average and standard deviation of the signal detected for 1032 consecutive shots obtained at 10 Hz. (b) Energy spectrum obtained for the data in (a). The black and red shaded areas indicate the proton energies not transmitting and those partially transmitted with nonlinear transmission, respectively. (c) Evolution of the proton cut-off energy, where each individual marker indicates the peak energy for each irradiation; the dark line shows the 20-period moving average and the shaded area shows the standard deviation of the cut-off energies around the 0.81 MeV mean energy.