Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 9, 0900006(2021)
Research Review of Landslide Monitoring Methods Based on Integration of Space-Air-Ground-Interior
Figures & Tables(19)
Fig. 1. Positioning mode of GNSS monitoring technology. (a) Absolute positioning; (b) relative positioning
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of monitoring principle and data remote transmission of monitoring robot
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of landslide monitoring by three-dimensional laser scanning technique
Fig. 6. Monitoring results of landslide deformation by 3D laser scanning technology[27]
Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of monitoring landslide deformation by BOTDA technique
Fig. 14. Internal heating cable and monitoring principle. (a) Structure diagram of cable; (b) schematic of AHFO
Fig. 15. Temperature measuring system of distributed optical fiber and monitoring result. (a) Temperature sensing cable; (b) site measuring; (c) distributed temperature measuring results
Table 1. Space and air monitoring methods
View tableTable 1. Space and air monitoring methods
Monitoring method Principle Advantage Disadvantage GNSS Location of the monitoring station is obtained in real time by satellite All-weather and whole-time monitoring Monitoring station selection freedom is low and data processing is complex InSAR Image of landslide is obtained by using SAR satellite, and then the 3D terrain information of landslide is obtained by processing the image All-weather and whole-time monitoring; high precision Monitoring point selection is difficult and affected by space loss correlation and atmospheric delay UAV Unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with a camera, flies and takes pictures according to the designed route, and gets the 3D model of the slope through image data processing High precision; automation; intelligent; not affected by the clouds Affected by weather and not all-weather monitoring
Table 2. Analysis of main surface monitoring methods
View tableTable 2. Analysis of main surface monitoring methods
Monitoring method Principle Advantage Disadvantage Robot monitoring Automatic total station monitors the prisms placed on the landslide in real time Automatic and whole-time monitoring; high precision Measuring range of single robot is small, but the cost of multiple measurements is high 3D laser scanning 3D coordinates of the measured object are obtained by measuring the time difference of transmitting and receiving laser and the horizontal angle and zenith distance of each pulse laser Whole-time, dynamic and initiative monitoring; high precision Data processing is complex and measuring accuracy is easily affected by surface objects GB-InSAR Ground-based radar sensor moves on the slide track， transmits and receives microwave signals. The synthetic aperture radar technology is used to realize imaging High precision, all-weather and whole-time monitoring, not affected by weather Lack of data processing; environment of monitoring can have an impact on results
Table 3. Comparison of landslide internal monitoring techniques
View tableTable 3. Comparison of landslide internal monitoring techniques
Monitoring method Principle Advantage Disadvantage TDR When the coaxial cable is deformed, the echo signal will be reflected back from the deformation. The position and displacement of the deformation can be obtained by collecting the echo signal and analyzing the waveform Short monitoring time and low cost; accurate sliding surface positioning Unable to determine the sliding direction; poor sensitivity to uniform deformation; point-type monitoring Borehole inclinometer The probe of inclinometer has a certain angle with the deformation of rock and soil mass, and then horizontal displacement of the inclinometer probe can be calculated using the angle Monitoring accurately direction of sliding Point-type monitoring and orientation are susceptible to interference Distributed fiber optic sensing By receiving and analyzing the scattered light, the changes of strain and temperature along the fiber are obtained High precision; distributed monitoring; high survival rate; corrosion resistance; anti-interference Unable to determine the sliding direction
Table 4. Summary of multi-field monitoring of distributed optical fiber monitoring system
View tableTable 4. Summary of multi-field monitoring of distributed optical fiber monitoring system
Multi-field monitoring Distributed optical fiber monitoring technology Principle Characteristic Deformation field BOTDR/BOTDA technology By measuring the frequency shift of brillouin scattering light, the strain and temperature changes of corresponding points are obtained according to the relationship between the brillouin frequency shift drift amount and the temperature and strain It is sensitive to temperature and strain, and the true strain can be obtained by temperature compensation Temperature field ROTDR technology By measuring the ratio of Stokes light intensity and anti-Stokes light intensity in Raman scattered light, the temperature of each part of the optical fiber is obtained Precision up to several microstrains and sensitive only to temperature Seepage
field
Actively heating technology based on distributed optical fiber temperature measuring system Through heating optical cable and DTS measuring, the characteristic value of temperature is determined. Then, soil moisture and seepage rate can be obtained according to the characteristic value of temperature An artificial temperature field is created near the cable, and then obtaining the seepage field
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Liang Xu, Gang Cheng, Honghu Zhu. Research Review of Landslide Monitoring Methods Based on Integration of Space-Air-Ground-Interior[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(9): 0900006
Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Aug. 10, 2020
Accepted: Oct. 21, 2020
Published Online: May. 12, 2021
The Author Email: Cheng Gang (chenggang@nju.edu.cn)
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