Fig. 1. Diagram of TIR lens

Fig. 2. Diagram of reflector

Fig. 3. Light of LED

Fig. 4. Range of TIR lenses and reflector at different calibres

Fig. 5. Spot diameters of TIR lens and reflector at different distances. (a) 100 m; (b) 1×10⁴ times aperture of optical system

Fig. 6. Illuminance distribution curves under different conditions. (a) Φ_TIR=50 mm, H_TIR=25 mm, distance is 500 m; (b) Φ_TIR=100 mm, H_TIR=50 mm, distance is 1 km; (c) Φ_TIR=200 mm, H_TIR=100 mm, distance is 2 km; (d) Φ_TIR=300 mm, H_TIR=150 mm,distance is 3 km; (e) Φ_TIR=400 mm, H_TIR=200 mm,distance is 4 km; (f) Φ_TIR=500 mm, H_TIR=250 mm, distance is 5 km

Fig. 7. Ray diagram of TIR lens and reflector. (a) TIR lens; (b) reflector