Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Hermite-Gaussian beam transmitting in the oceanic turbulence

Fig. 2. Relationship between the mean square beam width and the ocean turbulence parameters χ_T, ε, w, and the transmission distance (w=－1, －3.5 correspond to the upper and lower surfaces, respectively). (a) z=25 m; (b) z =75 m; (c) z =150 m; (d) z =300 m

Fig. 3. Relationship between mean square beam width and distance z for different parameter values. (a) Mean square beam width for different wavelengths; (b) mean square beam width for different coherence lengths; (c) mean square beam width for different orders

Fig. 4. Rayleigh range of Hermite-Gaussian beam of different orders versus the oceanic turbulence parameters (w =－0.1, －1, and －4.9, from bottom to top). (a) m=0; (b) m=1; (c) m=5

Fig. 5. Changes between the turbulence distance of z_T, z_TT and the three ocean turbulence parameters (χ_T, ε, w). (a) Rate of dissipation of mean-square temperature; (b) relative strength of temperature and salinity; (c) turbulent dissipation