Fig. 1. 3D hybrid parallel strategy and the logical partitioning of the corresponding computing cluster

Fig. 2. Rail-optimized network architecture for pre-training large language models

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of an optical circuit switch

Fig. 4. Multi-port OCS for fast failure recovery of ToR switch

Fig. 5. Optical protection switch module based on small port count OCS

Fig. 6. Hybrid opto-electro network for Ring AR and DBT AR

Fig. 7. Hybrid opto-electro network for conventional and bandwidth-optimized HD AR

Fig. 8. Large scale rail-only opto-electro network architecture

Fig. 9. Large scale layer 2 EPS network expansion based on OCS