Fig. 1. Imaging principle of PL technology

Fig. 2. Cell and PL image

Fig. 3. Types of cell defects to be detected

Fig. 4. Network structure of YOLOv3-Tiny

Fig. 5. Improved cell defects detection network structure

Fig. 6. Fusion of shallow feature enhancement layers

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of bounding box prediction

Fig. 8. Partial data set after data enhancement

Fig. 9. Curves of loss function

Fig. 10. Comparison of PR curves

Fig. 11. Comparison of detection results before and after model improvement

Fig. 12. Online detection site