Femtosecond mode-locking of a fiber laser using a CoSb<sub>3</sub>-skutterudite-based saturable absorber

Fig. 1. Measured (a) Raman spectrum and (b) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) profile of the cobalt antimonide (CoSb3) particle. Inset: measured SEM image of the prepared CoSb3 powder.

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Fig. 2. Measured X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) profiles: (a) cobalt (Co) 2p spectrum and (b) antimony (Sb) 3d spectrum of the CoSb3 particle.

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Fig. 3. (a) Schematic of the cobalt antimonide (CoSb3)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-deposited side-polished fiber. (b) Measured linear optical-absorption spectrum of the CoSb3/PVA composite.

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Fig. 4. (a) Measurement setup for nonlinear transmission curves of the CoSb3/PVA-based SA. Measured nonlinear transmission curves of the CoSb3/PVA-deposited side-polished fiber: (b) transverse electric (TE) mode and (c) transverse magnetic (TM) mode.

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Fig. 5. Mode-locked fiber laser configuration.

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Fig. 6. Measured (a) optical spectrum (resolution bandwidth: 0.05 nm) and (b) oscilloscope trace of the output pulses. Inset: oscilloscope trace over the narrow span.

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Fig. 7. Measured (a) autocorrelation trace of the output pulses and (b) electrical spectrum of the output pulses. Inset: measured electrical spectrum over a span of 1 GHz.

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Table 1. Performance Comparison Between the Present Work and the Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

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Table 1. Performance Comparison Between the Present Work and the Previously Demonstrated Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers Incorporating Other Saturable Absorption Materials

Saturable Absorption Materials	SA Threshold Power	Modulation Depth (%)	Wavelength (nm)	3-dB Bandwidth (nm)	Repetition Rate (MHz)	Pulse Width (ps)	Output Power (mW)	Refs.
CNTs	NA	NA	1556.2	3.7	5.88	0.47	0.4	[6]
Graphene	NA	NA	1559	5.24	19.9	0.464	NA	[11]
Graphene	NA	NA	1561.6	1.96	6.99	1.3	NA	[12]
Graphene oxide	53 W^a	5.25	1556.5	8.5	17.09	0.615	0.3	[20]
${Bi}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	44 W^a	15.7	1547	4.63	15.11	0.6	0.8	[28]
${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$	$12 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^b	3.9	1557.5	4.3	12.5	0.66	1.8	[31]
${Sb}_{2} {Te}_{3}$	NA	NA	1558.6	1.8	4.75	1.8	0.5	[30]
${MoS}_{2}$	$137 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^b	2.7	1556.3	6.1	463	0.935	5.9	[35]
${WS}_{2}$	$600 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^b	0.95	1557	2.3	8.86	1.32	NA	[37]
${MoSe}_{2}$	NA	1.4	1557.1	2.3	5.03	1.09	NA	[44]
${WSe}_{2}$	NA	0.5	1557.6	2.1	5.31	1.25	NA	[44]
${MoTe}_{2}$	NA	1.8	1561	2.4	5.26	1.2	NA	[46]
${WTe}_{2}$	64.6 W^a	2.85	1556.2	4.14	13.98	0.77	0.04	[47]
BP	$6.55 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^b	8.1	1571.45	2.9	5.96	0.946	NA	[54]
Gold nanorod	NA	4.9	1552	3.07	4.762	0.887	NA	[50]
${Ti}_{3} CN$	45 W^a	1.7	1557	5	15.4	0.66	0.05	[58]
Antimonene	10.8 mW^c	6.4	1557.68	4.84	10.27	0.552	NA	[59]
Bismunene	$30 MW / {cm}^{2}$ ^b	2.03	1559.18	4.64	8.83	0.652	1.15	[60]
${CoSb}_{3}$	8.7 W^a	5	1557.9	3.44	22.26	0.73	0.1	This work

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Jinho Lee, Yoontaek Kim, Kyungtaek Lee, Ju Han Lee, "Femtosecond mode-locking of a fiber laser using a CoSb₃-skutterudite-based saturable absorber," Photonics Res. 6, C36 (2018)

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Paper Information

Special Issue: TWO DIMENSIONAL LAYERED MATERIALS FOR ULTRAFAST LASERS (INVITATION ONLY)

Received: Jun. 1, 2018

Accepted: Jul. 24, 2018

Published Online: Sep. 25, 2018

The Author Email: Ju Han Lee (j.h.lee@ieee.org)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.6.000C36

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology