[1] D Zhao, M Wu, Y Kou, E Min. Catal. Today, 74, 157(2002).

[2] M Antonietti, D Kuang, B M Smarsly, Y Zhou. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit, 43, 4988(2004).

[3] J G Huddleston, H D Willauer, R P Swatloski, A E Visser, R D Rogers. Chem. Commun, 16, 1765(1998).

[4] J Palomar, M Gonzalezmiquel, A Polo, F Rodriguez. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 50, 3452(2011).

[5] Y Zhang, J Y G Chan. Energ. Environ. Sci, 3, 408(2010).

[6] P D De Maria. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit, 47, 6960(2008).

[7] A H M Fauzi, N A S Amin. Renew. Sust. Energy Rev, 16, 5770(2012).

[8] J Y Peng, J Huang, W J Li, Y Wang, X Yu, Y Hu, L Chen, H Li. Chin. Phys. B, 27(2018).

[9] Y L Wang, B Li, S Sarman, F Mocci, Z Y Lu, J Yuan, A Laaksonen, M D Fayer. Chem. Rev(2020).

[10] A Triolo, O Russina, H J Bleif, E Di Cola. J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 4641(2007).

[11] T Singh, A Kumar. J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 7843(2007).

[12] A Triolo, O Russina, B Fazio, G B Appetecchi, M Carewska, S Passerini. J. Chem. Phys, 130(2009).

[13] Y Xu, Y Gao, L Zhang, J Yao, C Wang, H Li. Sci. Chin. Chem, 53, 1561(2010).

[14] O Russina, B Fazio, C Schmidt, A Triolo. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 13(2011).

[15] O Russina, F Lo Celso, N Plechkova, C J Jafta, G B Appetecchi, A Triolo. Top. Curr. Chem. (Cham), 375, 58(2017).

[16] C E S Bernardes, M E M da Piedade, J N C Lopes. J. Phys. Chem. B, 115, 2067(2011).

[17] S Murgia, M Monduzzi, F Lopez, G Palazzo. J. Solution Chem, 42, 1111(2013).

[18] K Dong, X Liu, H Dong, X Zhang, S Zhang. Chem. Rev, 117, 6636(2017).

[19] P Walden. Bull. Acad. Impér. Sci, 8, 405(1914).

[20] J S Wilkes, M J Zaworotko. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun, 13, 965(1992).

[21] E R Nightingale. J. Phys. Chem, 63, 1381(1959).

[22] Y Marcus. Chem. Rev, 88, 1475(1988).

[23] N F A van der Vegt, K Haldrup, S Roke, J R Zheng, M Lund, H J Bakker. Chem. Rev, 116, 7626(2016).

[24] B Chen, E E Sigmund, W P Halperin. Phys. Rev. Lett, 96(2006).

[25] A L Rollet, P Porion, M Vaultier, I Billard, M Deschamps, C Bessada, L Jouvensal. J. Phys. Chem. B, 111(2007).

[26] U Schröder, J D Wadhawan, R G Compton, F Marken, P A Suarez, C S Consorti, R F de Souza, J Dupont. New J. Chem, 24, 1009(2000).

[27] H Tokuda, K Hayamizu, K Ishii, M A Susan, M Watanabe. J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 6103(2005).

[28] Y Wang, G A Voth. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 127(2005).

[29] H-O Hamaguchi, R Ozawa. Adv. Chem. Phys, 131, 85(2005).

[30] S Hayashi, R Ozawa, H Hamaguchi. Chem. Lett, 32, 498(2003).

[31] S Saha, S Hayashi, A Kobayashi, H Hamaguchi. Chem. Lett, 32, 740(2003).

[32] R Ozawa, S Hayashi, S Saha, A Kobayashi, H Hamaguchi. Chem. Lett, 32, 948(2003).

[33] H Katayanagi, S Hayashi, H Hamaguchi, K Nishikawa. Chem. Phys. Lett, 392, 460(2004).

[34] S Shigeto, H Hamaguchi. Chem. Phys. Lett, 427, 329(2006).

[35] J N Canongia Lopes, A A Padua. J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 3330(2006).

[36] C Hardacre, J D Holbrey, C L Mullan, T G Youngs, D T Bowron. J. Chem. Phys, 133(2010).

[37] H V Annapureddy, H K Kashyap, P M De Biase, C J Margulis. J. Phys. Chem. B, 114(2010).

[38] S M Chen, S J Zhang, X M Liu, J Q Wang, J J Wang, K Dong, J Sun, B H Xu. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 16, 5893(2014).

[39] R Hayes, G G Warr, R Atkin. Chem. Rev, 115, 6357(2015).

[40] M Sha, H Dong, F Luo, Z Tang, G Zhu, G Wu. J. Phys. Chem. Lett, 6, 3713(2015).

[41] S S Bystrov, V V Matveev, A V Egorov, Y S Chernyshev, V A Konovalov, V Balevicius, V I Chizhik. J. Phys. Chem. B, 123, 9187(2019).

[42] J Gao, N J Wagner. Langmuir, 32, 5078(2016).

[43] R Hayes, S Imberti, G G Warr, R Atkin. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit, 51, 7468(2012).

[44] H Abe, T Takekiyo, M Shigemi, Y Yoshimura, S Tsuge, T Hanasaki, K Ohishi, S Takata, J Suzuki. J. Phys. Chem. Lett, 5, 1175(2014).

[45] A S Kashin, K I Galkin, E A Khokhlova, V P Ananikov. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit, 55, 2161(2016).

[46] L M Suo, Y S Hu, H Li, M Armand, L Q Chen. Nat. Commun, 4, 1481(2013).

[47] L M Suo, Z Fang, Y S Hu, L Q Chen. Chin. Phys. B, 25(2016).

[48] L M Suo, O Borodin, T Gao, M Olguin, J Ho, X L Fan, C Luo, C S Wang, K Xu. Science, 350, 938(2015).

[49] C Y Yang, J Chen, X Ji, T P Pollard, X J Lu, C J Sun, S Hou, Q Liu, C M Liu, T T Qing, Y Q Wang, O Borodin, Y Ren, K Xu, C S Wang. Nature, 569, 245(2019).

[50] L Chen, J Zhang, Q Li, J Vatamanu, X Ji, T P Pollard, C Cui, S Hou, J Chen, C Yang, L Ma, M S Ding, M Garaga, S Greenbaum, H S Lee, O Borodin, K Xu, C Wang. ACS Energy Lett, 5, 968(2020).

[51] L Jiang, L Liu, J Yue, Q Zhang, A Zhou, O Borodin, L Suo, H Li, L Chen, K Xu, Y Hu. Adv. Mater, 32(2020).

[52] Y Yamada, J Wang, S Ko, E Watanabe, A Yamada. Nat. Energy, 4, 269(2019).

[53] C F Liu, Z Neale, J Q Zheng, X X Jia, J J Huang, M Y Yan, M Tian, M S Wang, J H Yang, G Z Cao. Energy Environ. Sci, 12, 2273(2019).

[54] J Y Luo, W J Cui, P He, Y Y Xia. Nat. Chem, 2, 760(2010).

[55] J Y Luo, Y Y Xia. Adv. Funct. Mat, 17, 3877(2007).

[56] C D Wessells, S V Peddada, R A Huggins, Y Cui. Nano Lett, 11, 5421(2011).

[57] H Kim, J Hong, K Y Park, H Kim, S W Kim, K Kang. Chem. Rev, 114(2014).

[58] L S Zhao, Z X Cao, Q Wang. Sci. Rep, 5(2015).

[59] L S Zhao, L Q Pan, A L Ji, Z X Cao, Q Wang. Chin. Phys. B, 25(2016).

[60] L S Zhao, L Q Pan, Z X Cao, Q Wang. J. Phys. Chem. B, 120(2016).

[61] C C Wang, K Lin, N Y Hu, X G Zhou, S L Liu. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin, 28, 1823(2012).

[62] H T Bian, X W Wen, J B Li, H L Chen, S Z Han, X Q Sun, J A Song, W Zhuang, J R Zheng. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 4737(2011).

[63] D Aurbach. J. Power Sources, 89, 206(2000).

[64] A V Dobrynin, M Rubinstein. Prog. Polym. Sci, 30, 1049(2005).

[65] R W Impey, P A Madden, I R McDonald. J. Phys. Chem, 87, 5071(1983).

[66] S Koneshan, J C Rasaiah, R M Lynden-Bell, S H Lee. J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 4193(1998).

[67] O Borodin, L Suo, M Gobet, X Ren, F Wang, A Faraone, J Peng, M Olguin, M Schroeder, M S Ding, E Gobrogge, A von Wald Cresce, S Munoz, J A Dura, S Greenbaum, C Wang, K Xu. ACS Nano, 11(2017).

[68] K Fujii, M Matsugami, K Ueno, K Ohara, M Sogawa, T Utsunomiya, M Morita. J. Phys. Chem. C, 121(2017).

[69] J Lim, K Park, H Lee, J Kim, K Kwak, M Cho. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 140(2018).

[70] N H C Lewis, Y Zhang, B Dereka, E V Carino, E J Maginn, A Tokmakoff. J. Phys. Chem. C, 124, 3470(2020).

[71] K Miyazaki, N Takenaka, E Watanabe, S Iizuka, Y Yamada, Y Tateyama, A Yamada. J. Phys. Chem. Lett, 10, 6301(2019).

[72] V L Martins, B G Nicolau, S M Urahata, M C C Ribeiro, R M Torresi. J. Phys. Chem. B, 117, 8782(2013).

[73] A Verma, J P Stoppelman, J G McDaniel. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 21, 403(2020).

[74] A Kaintz, G Baker, A Benesi, M Maroncelli. J. Phys. Chem. B, 117(2013).

[75] T Yago, Y Ishii, M Wakasa. J. Phys. Chem. C, 118(2014).

[76] T Koddermann, R Ludwig, D Paschek. Chemphyschem, 9, 1851(2008).

[77] A V Bayles, C S Valentine, T Uberruck, S P O Danielsen, S Han, M E Helgeson, T M Squires. Phys. Rev. X, 9(2019).

[78] L Berthier, G Biroli. Rev. Mod. Phys, 83, 587(2011).

[79] C P Royall, S R Williams. Phys. Rep, 560, 1(2015).

[80] P Hapiot, C Lagrost. Chem. Rev, 108, 2238(2008).

[81] M Zistler, P Wachter, P Wasserscheid, D Gerhard, A Hinsch, R Sastrawan, H J Gores. Electrochim. Acta, 52, 161(2006).

[82] X Y Wu, J J Hong, W Shin, L Ma, T C Liu, X X Bi, Y F Yuan, Y T Qi, T W Surta, W X Huang, J Neuefeind, T P Wu, P A Greaney, J Lu, X L Ji. Nat. Energy, 4, 123(2019).

[83] N Agmon. Chem. Phys. Lett, 244, 456(1995).

[84] O Borodin, J Self, K A Persson, C S Wang, K Xu. Joule, 4, 69(2020).

[85] Y Zhang, E J Maginn. J. Phys. Chem. Lett, 6, 700(2015).

[86] S Mogurampelly, J R Keith, V Ganesan. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 139, 9511(2017).

[87] A P Abbott. Chemphyschem, 6, 2502(2005).

[88] A P Abbott. Chemphyschem, 5, 1242(2004).

[89] A W Taylor, P Licence, A P Abbott. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys, 13(2011).

[90] G Feng, M Chen, S Bi, Z A H Goodwin, E B Postnikov, N Brilliantov, M Urbakh, A A Kornyshev. Phys. Rev. X, 9(2019).

[91] J C Araque, S K Yadav, M Shadeck, M Maroncelli, C J Margulis. J. Phys. Chem. B, 119, 7015(2015).

[92] M Moreno, F Castiglione, A Mele, C Pasqui, G Raos. J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 7826(2008).

[93] H Higashi, M Kumita, T Seto, Y Otani. Mol. Simulat, 43, 1430(2017).

[94] A Menjoge, J Dixon, J F Brennecke, E J Maginn, S Vasenkov. J. Phys. Chem. B, 113, 6353(2009).

[95] C G Hanke, R M Lynden-Bell. J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(2003).

[96] C Yan, H R Li, X Chen, X Q Zhang, X B Cheng, R Xu, J Q Huang, Q Zhang. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 141, 9422(2019).

[97] M Hirayama, H Ido, K Kim, W Cho, K Tamura, J i Mizuki, R Kanno. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 132(2010).

[98] Y Zhou, M Su, X Yu, Y Zhang, J G Wang, X Ren, R Cao, W Xu, D R Baer, Y Du, O Borodin, Y Wang, X L Wang, K Xu, Z Xu, C Wang, Z Zhu. Nat. Nanotechnol, 15, 224(2020).

[99] Q Wang, X F Huang, C X Li, L Q Pan, Z H Wu, T D Hu, Z Jiang, Y Y Huang, Z X Cao, G Sun, K Q Lu. AIP Adv, 2(2012).

[100] M L Sha, F C Zhang, G Z Wu, H P Fang, C L Wang, S M Chen, Y Zhang, J Hu. J. Chem. Phys, 128(2008).

[101] G S Shi, J Liu, C L Wang, B Song, Y S Tu, J Hu, H P Fang. Sci. Rep, 3, 3436(2013).

[102] T Abe, H Fukuda, Y Iriyama, Z Ogumi. J. Electrochem. Soc, 151(2004).

[103] T Abe, F Sagane, M Ohtsuka, Y Iriyama, Z Ogumi. J. Electrochem. Soc, 152(2005).

[104] K Xu, A von Cresce, U Lee. Langmuir, 26(2010).

[105] Y Mizuno, M Okubo, D Asakura, T Saito, E Hosono, Y Saito, K Oh-ishi, T Kudo, H Zhou. Electrochim. Acta, 63, 139(2012).

[106] Q Li, D Lu, J Zheng, S Jiao, L Luo, C M Wang, K Xu, J G Zhang, W Xu. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter, 9(2017).

[107] K Xu, A von Wald Cresce. J. Mater. Res, 27, 2327(2012).