Fig. 1. Map of coordinate transformation

Fig. 2. Scheme of microwave circuit generating RAP pulses.

Fig. 3. Transition probability as a function of b₀ and δ₀ with 8 ms pulse starts 4 ms after atoms entering the cavity: (a) δ₀ = 5 kHz, with different b₀; (b) b₀ = 10 kHz, with different δ₀.

Fig. 4. Time evolution of deviation excitation.

Fig. 5. Transition probability as a function of time parameters, δ₀ = 5 kHz, b₀ = 10 kHz, atoms enter selection cavity at time 0: (a) Pulse duration remaining symmetric about the central point of cavity; (b) start point of pulse with a fixed duration of 8 ms.

Fig. 6. Transition probabilty as a function of center frequency detuning.

Fig. 7. Transition probability as a function of b₀ for a 5 kHz δ₀ pulse start at 5 different points and end at 10 ms after entering cavity: (a) b₀ as the abscissa; (b) b₀T as the abscissa.

Fig. 8. Transition probability as a function of (a) b₀ for five different δ₀, (b) pulse duration with δ₀ = 5 kHz, and b₀ = 10 kHz.

Fig. 9. (a) Transition probability as a function of b₀ for 100, 0, –100 Hz center frequency detuning; (b) transition probability as a function of center frequency detuning for δ₀ = 5 kHz and b₀ = 10 kHz.

Fig. 10. Stability of atoms number ratio.

Fig. 11. Transition probability as a function of magnetic field