Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

Fig. 4. Explosive trace detection using flexible SERS substrates detection of TNT, RDX, and PETN using self-assembly triangular nanoprisms on adhesive tape. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.⁵⁸, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 5. Various fabrication techniques used for paper-based SERS substrates. (a) Vapor deposition. (b) Inkjet printing. (c) Dipping. (d) Pen-on-paper. (e) Drop-casting on hydrophilic wells. (f) Self assembling. (g) In-situ reduction. Figure reproduced with permission from: (a) ref.⁷⁷, (b) ref.⁷², The Royal Society of Chemistry; ref.⁷¹, American Chemical Society; (d) ref.⁷³, John Wiley and Sons; (e) ref.⁸⁰, Springer Nature; (f) ref.⁸⁴, (g) ref.⁷⁹, American Chemical Society.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 6. Filter paper based SERS substrate by aggregated Ag/Au NPs for explosive molecule detection (Left side) (a) schematic of substrate preparation (b) and (c) FESEM images of bare filter and aggregated Ag NPs (Right side) SERS spectra of (a) PA (b) DNT (c) NTO using FP with optimized aggregated Ag NPs. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.⁹⁴, American Chemical Society.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 7. (a) A schematic of the synthesis of dual-functional PDMS-assisted paper-based SERS platform. (b) (i) The photograph of a sample collection from orange surface. (ii) A comparison of SERS spectra of CV with and without PDMS. (iii) SERS spectra of different concentrations of thiram (0.5−50 ppm). (iv) The peak intensity at 1380 cm⁻¹ of thiram in orange juice as a function of the spiked sample concentration. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.⁹⁵, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 8. Fabrication of flexible SERS substrates for Ag@T-A@SiO₂-Au nanofibrous substrates. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.¹⁰⁰, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 9. (a) Reflectance spectra of the ASFPAN nanofibrous membranes with Ag NPs; Photographs of three nanofibrous membranes (PAN, ASFPAN, and ASFPAN-Ag NPs) are shown in the inset. (b) SEM image and (c) TEM image of ASFPAN nanofibers (3 min). Inset in (c) shows the size distribution of Ag NPs.¹⁰⁷, American Chemical Society.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 10. (a) Schematic diagram representing the fabrication process of Au covered polymer nanostructure arrays using roll-to-roll ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (R2R UV-NIL) technique (b) and (c) SERS spectra of R6G from 30 nm Au coating flexible substrate at different bending angles and bending cycles, respectively. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.¹¹⁴, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic of flexible non-woven fabric based substrate and the (b) SERS spectra of carbyl on apples, oranges, and bananas surfaces. Figure reproduced with permission from ref.¹²⁹, under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Download full size

View in Article

Table 1. Important review articles on various applications of SERS that have been reported in the last three-years (2019–2021).

View table

View in Article

Table 1. Important review articles on various applications of SERS that have been reported in the last three-years (2019–2021).

S. No.	Author	Review topic	Ref.
1	Zhang et al.	Flexible SERS substrates and recent advances in food safety analysis	ref.⁴³
2	Yin et al.	Recent process of 2D materials in SERS	ref.³⁰
3	Klapec et al.	2016–2019 published literature on the forensic related molecules and their various detection techniques using SERS	ref.⁴⁴
4	Li et al.	Fabrication and applications of flexible, transparent SERS substrates	ref.⁴⁵
5	Forbes et al.	Developed and challenges of SERS sensor in the detection of inorganic based explosives	ref.⁴⁶
6	Ji Sun et al.	SERS substrate developments and combination with other technologies in on-site analysis using portable Raman spectrometer	ref.¹⁹
7	Jingjing et al.	Different dimensional (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) SERS substrates for explosive detection	ref.⁴⁷
8	Shvalya et al.	Plasmonic NPs and 3D plasmonic NSs sensors with biological, medical, military, and chemical applications	ref.⁴⁸
9	To et al.	Explosive trace detection technologies and latest advances	ref.⁴⁹
10	Ren et al.	Qualitative and quantitative analysis; strategies of practical application of SERS substrates	ref.⁵⁰
11	Huang et al.	Paper SERS substrates in food safety	ref.⁵¹
12	Chen et al.	2D SERS substrates in chemical and biosensing	ref.⁵²
13	Dinesh et al.	Flexible sensor fabrication with various printing techniques	ref.⁴⁰
14	Xue et al.	Flexible nanofiber-based substrates fabrication and application	ref.⁵³
15	Ogundare et al.	Cellulose-based SERS substrates: fundamentals and principles	ref.³⁹
16	Zamora Sequeira et al.	Various methods for the determination of pesticides	ref.²
17	Piolt et al.	Key aspects of SERS and application in the biomedical field	ref.⁵⁴
18	Ogundare et al.	Cellulose substrate fundamental, preparation methods, and applications	ref.³⁹
19	Lee et al.	Analyte manipulation and hybrid SERS platforms for real-world applications	ref.⁵⁵
20	Xu et al.	Latest advances of flexible SERS substrates in point of care diagnostic in tunable, sample swapping and in-situ SERS detection highlights	ref.⁵⁶
21	Zhang et al.	Electrospinning NPs based material and their sensing application	ref.⁵⁷
22	Restaino et al.	Plasmonic paper SERS substrates-preparation methods and sample collections	ref.³⁶

Table 2. Summary of the recent flexible SERS substrates, their preparation methods, materials used, and the sensitivities achieved (2014-2021).

View table

View in Article

Table 2. Summary of the recent flexible SERS substrates, their preparation methods, materials used, and the sensitivities achieved (2014-2021).

Flexible substrate type	Hazardous material type studied	Method used	SERS active material	Molecules investigated - sensitivity	Ref.
Paper/Cellulose	Explosives	Inkjet printing	PABT modified-Ag NPs-A4 paper	TNT- pM	ref.132
		In-situ	Ag NPs in agarose film supported on filter paper	TNT- 10−8 M	ref.78
		Immersion	Ag nano triangles-filter paper	PA- 10−6 M p-ATP- 10−8 M	ref.88
		Soaking	Aggregated Ag/Au NPs-filter paper	PA- 5 µM DNT- 1 µM NTO- 10 µM	ref.94
		Drop casting	Star-shaped Au NPs	PA-5 µM	ref.133
		Reduction	Ag Nanostructures- filter paper Whatman 42	Urea nitrate- 10−6 M CV- 10−8 M	ref.134
	Drugs	Inkjet printing	Ag- chromatography paper	Organophosphate malathion –413 pg, Heroin –9 ng, Cocaine –15 ng	ref.135
	Drugs	Plasma assisted chemical deposition	Au-Whatman filter paper grade 1	Cocaine- 1 ng/ml	ref.136
	Dyes	In-situ	Ag NPs-polydopamine -Filter paper	R6g- 10−10 M MG residue on Fish scales- 0.04635 pg/cm2, Crab shells- 0.06952 pg/cm2 and Shrimp skins- 0.09270 pg/cm2	ref.137
		Inkjet-printing	MoO3−x nanosheets on Chromatographic paper, printing paper, filter paper	R6g- 10–7 M CV- 10–6 M and MG- 10–6 M on fish surface	ref.74
		In-situ	Au-filter paper (Advantec #1)	MG-damped fish– 10 ppb	ref.138
	Pesticides	Silver mirror reaction	Ag- filter paper	Thiram- 10−7 M	ref.139
		Pen on paper	Au NPs (15–120 nm); Au NRs (50 nm long, 14 nm thick); Ag NPs (50-80 nm) –A4 paper, Filter paper	Thiabendazole < 20 ppb	ref.73
		Airbrush spray method	Ag NPs -glass fibre paper	Enoxacin & Enrofloxacin- 10 −5 M	ref.140
		Printing	Au@Ag 30 nm Au core & 7 nm Ag shell -filter paper	Thiram- 10−9 M	ref.141
		Screen printing	Ag NPs/GO- paper	Thiram 0.26 ng cm−2Thiabendazole 28 ng cm−2Methylparathion 7.4 ng cm−2	ref.142
		Immersion followed by APTMS	Ag NPs-PDMS sponge	Triazophos 0.79 ng Methyl Parathion 1.58 ng	ref.143
		Vacuum-assisted filtration	AuNPs- cellulose nanofiber	Thiram- 1 pM Tricyclazole- 10 pM	ref.144
		In-situ	Au NPs-pseudo-paper	Thiram- 1.1 ng/cm2	ref.145
		Laser techniques	Au/Ag film-print paper	Fungicide mancozeb (Dithane DG) and insecticide thiamethoxam (Aktara 25 BG)	ref.146
		Immerson in NaCl solution for 5 min +dip-coating	Ag NPs- filter Paper	Melamine- 1 ppm Thiram- 1 ppm	ref.147
		Immersion	FP-Au NPs	Methyl parathion- 0.011 μg/cm2	ref.148
		In-situ	Nanocellulose fibers-Ag NPs	Thiram- 0.05 ppm Thiabendazole- 0.09 ppm, MG 0.0014 ppm Enrofloxaci- 0.069 ppm	ref.149
		Silicon rubber mask and a vacuum filtration	Au NRs -cellulose hydrogels	Thiram- 100 fM	ref.92
		Drop casting	Quartz paper/Cellulose nanofiber/ mixture (Ag NPs+Au NSs)	Ferbam on kale leaves (50 µg/kg)	ref.150
		Vacuum filtration	Cellulose nanofibers-Au NPs	Thiram- 10−8M	ref.151
		Drop casting, inkjet printing	Au NPs-Whatman 44 FP	Benzenethiol chemical aerosol Pyridine	ref.152
		Vacuum filtration	Glass-fiber filter paper-Ag NWs coupled with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	DNA	ref.153
		Electrochemical deposition	Mesoporous Au film@Ag NWs@cellulose nanofiber paper	R6g - 100 fM Thiram - 10 fM 2-naphthalenethiol-1 ppb	ref.154
		Self-assembling	Cellulose nanofibers -Ag@DNA/PDA (polydopamine)	Rhodamine 6G. Thiamethoxamon- 0.003 mg/kg.	ref.155
Cotton buds	Antibiotics	In situ reduction	Ag NPs-cellulose nanocrystals-Filter paper	Phenylethanolamine A-10−9 M Metronidazole- 10−7 M	ref.93
	Explosives	Self-assembly & In situ	Ag NPs-cotton swab	2,4 DNT- 5 ng	ref.156
	Pesticides	Soaking, freezing, and drying	Ag NPs-chitosan foam	Triasophols Methidathion Isocrabophos	ref.157
	Pesticides	Dipping & drying	Ag NPs-cotton swab with NaCl	Thiabendazole (TBZ), thiram, TBZ + thiram	ref.158
3D- sponge	Explosives	In situ	Ag NPs -polyurethane sponge	Perchlorates- 0.13 ng CChlorates- 0.13 ng Nitrates- 0. 11 ng	ref.159
Nanofiber mat	Pesticides	Electrospinning	Au coated PVA nanofiber	Deltamethrin- 0.33 mg/kg Quinalphos- 0.28 mg/kg Thiacloprid- 0.26 mg/kg	ref.104
	CWA simulants	Electrospinning	Au NPs –PVA nanofiber	Methyl salicylate	ref.160
	Dyes	Electrospinning	Ag NPs-PVA nanofiber	R6G-10−5 M	ref.161
	Dyes	Electrospinning and in-situ	Ag NPs-Polyimide (PI) nanofabric	p-Aminothiophenol (p-ATP)- 10−14 mol/L),	ref.162
Fabric	Pesticides	Self-assembly/in-situ	Ag NPs- non woven fabric	Isocarbophos Sumicidin Phosgene	ref.163
		Dip coating	Triangular Ag nanoplates-Cotton fabric	Carbaryl- 10−5M	ref.164
		In situ	Polydopamine mediated Ag-Au NPs – cotton fabric	Carbaryl- 10−6M	ref.165
		Magneton sputtering	Ag NPs-cotton fabric	Thiram - 1 ppm	ref.127
		Magnetron sputtering	Ag-polyester fabric	R6G on cucumber, MG and Thiram	ref.166
		Photochemical deposition (254 nm)	Ag NPs on TiO2 coated polyester fiber membranes	Sodium saccharin in soft drinks- 0.3 mg/L, (cola and sprite)	ref.167
		In-situ growth	Ag NPs-Cotton fabrics	PATP-10−8 M	ref.168
		Vacuum evaporation	Ag coated (10 nm) nylon fabrics	PATP-10−9 M Thiram on cucumber surface-10−7 M	ref.169
	Dyes	Vacuum thermal evaporation and high-temperature annealing	Ag NPs-carbon fiber cloth	R6g- 10−14 mol·L−1	ref.170
Polymers	Explosives	Oriented stacking and in-situ	Ag and Au–Ag nanoplates- PET	TNT- 10 nM RDX- 10 nM	ref.171
		Self-assembling	Au triangular nanoprisms on adhesive film (Scotch magic-tape)	TNT- 900 ppq RDX- 50 ppq and PETN- 50 ppq	ref.58
		Incubated overnight followed by thorough rinsing drying	Au NPs,Au NRs and Au NCs on elastomeric film (PDMS)	TNT vapor	ref.172
		Gravure printing	Ag NPs-PET	DNT vapor	ref.173
		Sol–gel method and magnetron sputtering	Ag NPs-Porous silica aerogels	NTO- 7.94×10−10 M	ref.174
		UV lithography and Au deposition	Ag NPs-Au coated -nanowrinkled zigzag micropattern on PDMS layer	TNT- 10−13 mol·L−1TNT residue(10−9 mol·L−1) on cloth bag	ref.175
	Dyes	Electron-beam evaporation-uniaxial stretching	Stretched Ag coated poly(ε-caprolactone) film	MG-green mussel surface- 0.1×10−6 M	ref.176
		Pyramid Si template	MoS2/AgNPs/inverted pyramidal PMMA	R6G+MG	ref.177
		Pyramid Si template	GO/Ag NPs/ pyramidal PMMA	MG on shrimp	ref.178
		Ar plasma etching and Au evaporation	Worm-like Au NSs – PET film	R6G-10−9 M	ref.179
		Self-assembly and in situ chemical reduction	Raspberry-like polyamide@Ag hybrid nanoarray film	R6g-10−14 M Adenosine- 10−9 M	ref.180
	Pesticides	Drop-dry method	Au NPs (25 nm) - adhesive tape	Parathion-methyl- 2.60 ng/cm2Thiram 0.24 ng/cm2Chlorpyrifos 3.51 ng/cm2on apples, oranges, cucumbers, and green vegetables surfaces	ref.181
		Spin coating and manual peeling	AgNP@AgNW network-PDMS	Thiram (0.1µM) on a leaf surface and MG (0.1µM) on a living fish scale	ref.182
		Paste and peeling of self-assembled NPs from Si	Adhesive acrylic polymer tape and polyethene terephthalate (PET) film (T/Au@Ag/PET)	Thiram on apple, tomato, and cucumber peels (5 ng/cm2)	ref.113
		Seed mediated	Gold nanobush+PDMS	Thiabendazole (TBZ) on cherry – 0.64 ng/ml Carbaryl TBZ+Carbaryl	ref.183
		Femtosecond laser induced plasma assisted ablation	Ag NPs and Au NPs FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene)	Thiram on apple- 7.96 ng/cm2	ref.184
		Drop casting	Ag NS with spikes-adhesive tape	Phosmet & carbaryl on apple-surface 10 −7M	ref.185

Table 3. A summary of the commercially available SERS substrates, their costs, sensitivities and their stability (non-exhaustive).

View table

View in Article

Table 3. A summary of the commercially available SERS substrates, their costs, sensitivities and their stability (non-exhaustive).

S. No.	Company	SERS substrate	Sensitivity	Stability	Cost	Ref
1	Stellarnet	Cellulose with Au NPs	~10⁶	3 months	$199 (pack of 30)	ref.¹⁸⁶
2	Horiba France SAS	Glass coated with Au nanorods processed by dynamic oblique vacuum evaporation	−	−	−	ref.¹⁸⁷
3	SERSitive	Electrodeposition of silver and gold nanoparticles on an ITO glass surface	~10⁵–10⁶	4 months	5 pcs Ag- €115 5 pcs Ag-Au- €138	ref.¹⁸⁸
4	EnSpectr Inc.	Si/Glass passivated with a thin transparent dielectic layer.	~10⁶	Stable when unpacked	−	ref.¹⁸⁹
5	Silmeco	Nanostructured Si deposited with Gold (Au), Silver (Ag)	−	−	5 units €350	ref.¹⁹⁰
6	Hamamatsu	Au NS on polypropylene	−	3 months when unpacked	−	ref.¹⁹¹
7	Integrated Optics	Ag/Au coating on silicate glass.	−	2 months	Ag- €15 Au- €18	ref.¹⁹²
8	Mesophotonics. Ltd. Klarite	Si	−	−	100 USD for single 2 mm × 2 mm sample.	ref.¹⁹³
9	Q SERS ^TM	Au NSs on Si (5 mm × 5 mm)	ppb to ppm	6 months (package) 2 weeks (package opened)	2 units $50 USD	ref.¹⁹⁴
10	Metrohm	Ag, Au based Filter paper	−	−	−	ref.¹⁹⁵

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Moram Sree Satya Bharati, Venugopal Rao Soma. Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances[J]. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2021, 4(11): 210048-1

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Review

Received: Apr. 10, 2021

Accepted: Jul. 18, 2021

Published Online: Mar. 16, 2022

The Author Email: Soma Venugopal Rao (soma_venu@uohyd.ac.in)

DOI:10.29026/oea.2021.210048

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Important review articles on various applications of SERS that have been reported in the last three-years (2019–2021).

Table 1. Important review articles on various applications of SERS that have been reported in the last three-years (2019–2021).

Table 2. Summary of the recent flexible SERS substrates, their preparation methods, materials used, and the sensitivities achieved (2014-2021).

Table 2. Summary of the recent flexible SERS substrates, their preparation methods, materials used, and the sensitivities achieved (2014-2021).

Table 3. A summary of the commercially available SERS substrates, their costs, sensitivities and their stability (non-exhaustive).

Table 3. A summary of the commercially available SERS substrates, their costs, sensitivities and their stability (non-exhaustive).

微信扫一扫：分享