Journal of Inorganic Materials, Volume. 38, Issue 2, 113(2023)
Electric-field Assisted Joining Technology for the Ceramics Materials: Current Status and Development Trend
Figures & Tables(20)
![Interfacial SEM micrographs of manganese-zinc ferrite poly- and single-crystals under different bonding conditions[25]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
. Interfacial SEM micrographs of manganese-zinc ferrite poly- and single-crystals under different bonding conditions[25]
. Cross-sectional microstructures at the Ni/ZrO2 interfaces after joining under different current intensities and polarities[33]
. TEM micrographs of the Al2O3/Ti joint bonded at 900 ℃ for 1 h under 700 V DC field [34]
. Backscattered SEM images of the polished cross section of the CVD β-SiC joined with the pre-sintered Ti3SiC2 foil using SPS[46]
. Schematic diagrams of interfacial microstructure evolution of 3YSZ/Ag-CuO/430SS assembly[69]
. Shear strength of the 3YSZ/Ti-alloy joint under different conditions[74]
Table 1. Comparison of three electric-field assisted joining technologies
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Comparison of three electric-field assisted joining technologies
Joining method Electric field type Electric field Joining current Joining temperature Joining time FDB DC Small Small Low Long SPS DC pulse Small Large High Short FJ DC/DC pulse Large Small Low Fast
Table 2. FDB of ionic conductive ceramics
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. FDB of ionic conductive ceramics
Joining system Joining condition Shear strength/MPa Main phases at interface Ref. Al/β-Al2O3 500-600 ℃, 500 V, 1-2 h — No interlayer [ 27 ]Cu/ZrO2 800 ℃ 50 V, 1 A, 20 min — Cu2O, Cu-Zr [ 32 ]Ni/ZrO2 1100 ℃, 10 mA, 30 min 160±15 Ni-Zr [ 33 ]Polycrystal ferrites/single crystalline ferrites 1200 ℃, 1 A, 24 h — No interlayer [ 25 ]
Table 3. SPS joining of ceramic material without interlayer
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. SPS joining of ceramic material without interlayer
Joining system Joining conditions Joint strength characterization Maximum average joint strength/MPa Ref. SiC/SiC 1900 ℃, 5 min, 3.5 MPa Bending strength 260.24±12.00 [ 20 ]LR-SiC/LR-SiC 1750 ℃, ~500 ℃/min, 800 A, 10 min, 50 MPa — — [ 39 ]HR-SiC/HR-SiC 2100 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 2400 A, 10 min, 50 MPa — — [ 39 ]CVD-SiC/CVD-SiC 1900 ℃, 50 ℃/min, 5 min, 60 MPa Bending strength 436±1 [ 22 ]Coated C/SiC/C/SiC 1700 ℃, 150-200 ℃/min, 3 min, 60 MPa Shear strength 24.6 [ 40 ]Ti3SiC2/Ti3AlC2 1200 ℃, 150 ℃/min, ~1.18 kA, <6 min, 15 MPa Shear strength ~50 [ 41 ]Ti3SiC2/Ti3SiC2 1300 ℃, 150 ℃/min, ~1.30 kA, <6 min, 15 MPa Shear strength ~50 [ 41 ]Ti3AlC2/Ti3AlC2 1300 ℃, 150 ℃/min, ~1.32 kA, <6 min, 15 MPa Shear strength ~60 [ 41 ]SiCw/Ti3SiC2/SiCw/Ti3SiC2 1090 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 586 A·cm-2, 30 s, 30 MPa Shear strength 51.8±2.9 [ 42 ]STO bicrystal/STO bicrystal 1200 ℃, 70-80 ℃/min, ~550 A, 15 min, 140 MPa — — [ 43 ]TaC/HfC 1850 ℃, 10 min, 60 MPa — — [ 44 ]α-SiAlON/α-SiAlON 1650 ℃, 10 min, 20 MPa Bending strength ~610 [ 45 ]
Table 4. SPS joining of ceramic material with inorganic material interlayer
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. SPS joining of ceramic material with inorganic material interlayer
Joining system Interlayer Joining conditions Joint strength characterization Maximum joint strength/MPa Main phases at interface Ref. SiC/SiC 4.5YSZ 1700 ℃, 150 ℃/min, 40 MPa Bending strength 26.7 ZrO2 [ 47 ]SiC/SiC 4.5YSZ+ 20% Al2O3 (in mass) 1800 ℃, 100-200 ℃/min, 40 MPa Bending strength 107.3 ZrO2, mZrO2 [ 47 ]SiC/SiC TSC 1900 ℃, 5 min, 3.5 MPa Bending strength 230.6±19 TiC, Ti, Al [ 20 ]SiC/SiC TAC 1900 ℃, 5 min, 3.5 MPa Bending strength 230.5±13 TiC, Al, Ti [ 20 ]SiC/SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100-200 ℃/min, 15 min, 50 MPa Bending strength 80.4 TiCx, TixSiy [ 23 ]SiC/SiC TSC 1400 ℃, 100-200 ℃/min, 30 MPa Bending strength 66 TiSi2, TiC [ 48 ]SiC/SiC TSC 1600 ℃, 30 min, 20-40 MPa Bending strength 110.4 TSC, TiC [ 19 ]CVD-SiC/ CVD-SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Bending strength 220.3±3.2 TSC [ 46 ]Coated SiCf/SiC/ coated SiCf/SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Shear strength 18.3±5.8 TSC [ 21 ]Coated Cf/SiC/ coated Cf/SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Shear strength 31.1±4.0 TSC [ 21 ]Uncoated T300 1K Cf/SiC/uncoated T300 1K Cf/SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Shear strength 19.1±2.0 TSC, SiC [ 21 ]Uncoated M40J 3K Cf/SiC/uncoated M40J 3K Cf/SiC TSC 1300 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Shear strength 5.5±1.8 TSC, SiC [ 21 ]Coated C/SiC/ coated C/SiC CA 1480 ℃, 50 ℃/min, 10 min, 0 MPa Shear strength ~14.1 CA [ 40 ]Coated C/SiC/ coated C/SiC SiC+B4C 1900 ℃, 150-200 ℃/min, 3 min, 60 MPa Shear strength 18.2 — [ 40 ]Cf/SiC/Cf/SiC TSC 1600 ℃, 30 min, 20-40 MPa Bending strength 62.6 TSC, TiC [ 19 ]
Table 5. SPS joining of ceramic material with metal interlayer
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. SPS joining of ceramic material with metal interlayer
Joining system Interlayer Joining conditions Joint strength characterization Maximum joint strength/MPa Main phases at interface Ref. SiC/SiC Y 1900 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 10 min, 50 MPa Bending strength 134.8±2.1 ZrO2 [ 50 ]SiC/SiC Ti 1000 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 30 MPa Bending strength 205.7±24 ZrO2, mZrO2 [ 51 ]SiC/SiC 3Ti/1.2Si/ 2C/0.2Al 1600 ℃, 100-200 ℃/min, 30 MPa Bending strength 133 TiC, Ti, Al [ 48 ]SiC coated C/SiC/ SiC coated C/SiC Ti/Nb/Ti 1200 ℃, 100 ℃/min, 5 min, 50 MPa Shear strength 61±6 TiC, Al, Ti [ 49 ]CVD-SiC/CVD-SiC Ti 1700 ℃, 50 ℃/min, 5 min, 60 MPa Bending strength 126±16 TiCx, TixSiy [ 22 ]Coated C/SiC/ coated C/SiC Ti 1700 ℃, 150-200 ℃/min, 3 min, 60 MPa Shear strength 17.3±7.8 TiSi2, TiC [ 40 ]
Table 6. Flash joining between ceramics
View tableView in ArticleTable 6. Flash joining between ceramics
Joining system Joining conditions Joint strength characterization Maximum average joint strength/MPa Ref. 3YSZ/3YSZ 900 ℃, 30 V/cm, 100 mA/mm2, 6 MPa, 1 s Bending strength 595 [ 24 ]CVD-SiC/Ti/Cf/SiC 1250 ℃, 2.2 kW, 370 A, 16 MPa, 7 s Shear strength 31.4 [ 65 ]3YSZ/3YSZ 800 ℃, 50 V/cm, 100 mA/mm2, 6 MPa, 18 s Bending strength 606±18 [ 70 ]MgO-doped Al2O3/MgO-doped Al2O3 1300 ℃, 1500 V/cm, 0.1 A, 4 MPa, 30 s Shear strength 146 [ 71 ]BSCF/BSCF 1000 ℃, 10 V/cm, 0.45 A/mm2, 10 s — — [ 72 ]ZrO2/ZA/Al2O3 1200 ℃, 1800 V/cm, 0.3 A, 4 MPa, 30 s Shear strength 3YSZ/ZA: ~65 ZA/Al2O3: ~30 [ 73 ]
Table 7. Flash joining between ceramics and metals
View tableView in ArticleTable 7. Flash joining between ceramics and metals
Joining system Joining conditions Joint strength characterization Maximum joint strength/MPa Main phases at interface Ref. ZrO2/Ti-alloy 700 ℃, 100 V/cm, 70 mA/mm2, 30 s,10 MPa Shear strength 67±9 Ti, Zr [ 74 ]ZrO2/Ni-alloy 800 ℃, 100 V/cm, 100 mA/mm2, 1 s, 5 MPa Shear strength 133 Ni, Zr [ 75 ]3YSZ/Ag-CuO/430SS 950 ℃, 80 V/cm, 40 mA/mm2, 30 s, 0.7 MPa Shear strength 158±9 AgCu4Zr [ 69 ]3YSZ/Cu/304SS 1200 ℃, 50 V/cm, 100 mA/mm2, 30 s, 6 MPa Shear strength 21±4 Cu-Zr [ 76 ]3YSZ/Cu/GH3128 1000 ℃, 30 mA/mm2, 30 s, 0.1 MPa Shear strength 250±15 Cu-Zr [ 77 ]
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Yan LIU, Keying ZHANG, Tianyu LI, Bo ZHOU, Xuejian LIU, Zhengren HUANG. Electric-field Assisted Joining Technology for the Ceramics Materials: Current Status and Development Trend[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(2): 113
Paper Information
Category: EDITORIAL
Received: Jul. 9, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Sep. 27, 2023
The Author Email: LIU Yan (stony2000@mail.sic.ac.cn)
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