Opto-Electronic Advances, Volume. 7, Issue 9, 240045-1(2024)

Complete-basis-reprogrammable coding metasurface for generating dynamically-controlled holograms under arbitrary polarization states

Zuntian Chu1...2,†, Xinqi Cai1,2,†, Ruichao Zhu1,2,*, Tonghao Liu3,**, Huiting Sun1,2, Tiefu Li1,2, Yuxiang Jia1,2, Yajuan Han1,2, Shaobo Qu1,2, and Jiafu Wang12,*** |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 2Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215000, China
  • 3Zhijian Laboratory, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710025, China
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    Figures & Tables(6)
    Schematic illumination of the CBR-CM. The CBR-CM is constructed via symmetrically incorporating PIN diodes into an elaborately designed metasurface structure, and these diodes are controlled by multi-channel bias voltages provided by a FPGA-based control circuit connected to real-time holographic processing system. As illustrated examples, by arranging specific LCP and RCP 1-bit coding sequences, dynamic meta-holograms with identical focal length, variable focal length, switchable spatial pixels, and against arbitrary polarization state are successively demonstrated.
    Geometric configuration and EM responses of the dynamically reconfigurable meta-particle. (a) Perspective view of the proposed meta-particle. (b) Vertical and layered schematic of the proposed meta-particle. (c) The equivalent circuit models of the PIN diodes in the “ON” and “OFF” states. (d) Simulated surface current distributions on the proposed meta-particle of state “11/10” and “01/00” under LCP incidence at 10 GHz. (e) Simulated surface current distributions on the proposed meta-particle of state “11/01” and “10/00” under RCP incidence at 10 GHz. (f, g) Simulated co-polarized reflection amplitude and phase responses of the proposed meta-particle with coding states of “11”, “10”, “01”, and “00” under orthogonal CP normal incidence.
    Directional generation of meta-holograms with identical and variable focal length. (a) The target monochrome image of the letter “C” and corresponding phase coding patterns under the normal incidence of LCP waves. (b) The target monochrome image of the letter “D” and corresponding phase coding patterns under the normal incidence of RCP waves. (c) Numerically simulated and experimentally measured normalized electric field intensity of LCP component utilizing coding pattern in (a) in Lr-Li channel on the x-y plane cutting at z=100 mm. (d) Numerically simulated and experimentally measured normalized electric field intensity of RCP component utilizing coding pattern in (b) in Rr-Ri channel on the x-y plane cutting at z=100 mm. (e) The target monochrome image of the letter “L” and corresponding phase coding patterns under the normal incidence of LCP waves. (f) The target monochrome image of the letter “R” and corresponding phase coding patterns under the normal incidence of RCP waves. (g) Numerically simulated and experimentally measured normalized electric field intensity of LCP component utilizing coding pattern in (e) in Lr-Li channel on the x-y plane cutting at z=100 mm. (h) Numerically simulated and experimentally measured normalized electric field intensity of RCP component utilizing coding pattern in (f) in Rr-Ri channel on the x-y plane cutting at z=150 mm. All of the results are simulated and measured at frequency of 10 GHz.
    Multifunctional customization of meta-holograms with switchable spatial pixels. (a) The target monochrome image of the letter “S” and scanning trajectory of LCP and RCP spatial pixels under the normal incidence of orthogonal CP waves. (b) Four groups of sequentially and synchronously switched spatial pixels (σ-,1, σ+,1), (σ-,2, σ+,2), (σ-,3, σ+,3) and (σ-,4, σ+,4) distributions in Lr-Li and Rr-Ri channels, respectively. The subscript “-” and “+” represent the LCP and RCP reflection channels. (c–f) The target monochrome image and phase coding patterns of spatial pixel σ-,1, σ-,2, σ-,3, and σ-,4. (g–j) The corresponding simulated and measured normalized electric field intensity of LCP component on the x-y plane cutting at z=100 mm. (k–n) The target monochrome image and phase coding patterns of spatial pixel σ+,1, σ+,2, σ+,3, and σ+,4. (o–r) The corresponding simulated and measured normalized electric field intensity of RCP component on the x–y plane cutting at z=100 mm. All of the results are simulated and measured at frequency of 10 GHz.
    Cyclic evolution of meta-holograms against arbitrary polarization states on Poincaré sphere. (a) The target monochrome image of the symbol “+” and corresponding phase coding patterns of LCP basis vector and RCP basis vector. (b) Schematic of eight typical SOPs on Poincaré sphere. The numerically simulated and experimentally measured amplitude and phase profiles of normalized electric field of LCP and RCP components under the normal incidence of (c) LP-0° (linear polarized vibrating along 0° angle with respect to horizontal axis), (d) LP-90°, (e) LP-45°, (f) LP-135°, (g) LCP, (h) RCP waves, (i) ELCP (elliptical left-handed circularly polarized), and (j) ERCP (elliptical right-handed circularly polarized) waves. All of the results are simulated and measured at frequency of 10 GHz.
    • Table 1. Eight characteristic polarization states with their corresponding orthogonal CP states decomposition.

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      Table 1. Eight characteristic polarization states with their corresponding orthogonal CP states decomposition.

      Polarization statesCharacteristic parametersOrthogonal decomposition
      ψχrRRrLLφ(φRR-φLL)
      LP-0°0.7070.707
      LP-90°45°0.7070.707180°
      LP-45°90°0.7070.70790°
      LP-135°135°0.7070.707270°
      LCP-−45°01-
      RCP-45°10-
      ELCP60°−30°0.25880.9659120°
      ERCP150°30°0.96590.2588300°
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    Zuntian Chu, Xinqi Cai, Ruichao Zhu, Tonghao Liu, Huiting Sun, Tiefu Li, Yuxiang Jia, Yajuan Han, Shaobo Qu, Jiafu Wang. Complete-basis-reprogrammable coding metasurface for generating dynamically-controlled holograms under arbitrary polarization states[J]. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2024, 7(9): 240045-1

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Feb. 27, 2024

    Accepted: Jun. 12, 2024

    Published Online: Nov. 11, 2024

    The Author Email: Zhu Ruichao (RCZhu), Liu Tonghao (THLiu), Wang Jiafu (JFWang)

    DOI:10.29026/oea.2024.240045

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