Fig. 1. (a) IPF image, (b) XRD map, (c) TEM image, and (d) EDS mapping of as-cast sample. (e) Engineering strain–stress curves of sample under quasi-static tension.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of RWC loading configuration. (b) Recovered samples after RWC experiment. (c)–(e) Free-surface velocity histories of RWC-1, RWC-2, and RWC-3 samples. The heights of the step targets are shown in the top left corner.

Fig. 3. (a) Relationship between C_L and u_p. (b) Measured P–V/V₀ curves for CoCrNi MEA samples under different charging voltages. (c) Comparison of P–V/V₀ curves for CoCrNi MEA, other MEAs/HEAs, and pure metals.

Fig. 4. (a) IPF map, (b) GB map, and (c) GND map under RWC at a loading pressure of 13.6 GPa. (d) IPF map, (e) GB map, and (f) GND map under RWC at a loading pressure of 17.1 GPa. (g)–(i) Grain length distributions of original sample, RWC-recovered sample under 13.6 GPa, and RWC-recovered sample under 17.1 GPa, respectively.

Fig. 5. Microdeformation mechanisms of post-deformation samples under RWC: (a) planar slip networks; (b) stacking faults; (c) dislocation tangles; (d) L-C locks; (e) high-density nanotwins; (f) multiple twinning networks.

Fig. 6. (a) and (b) EBSD BC maps showing representative microstructures of CoCrNi MEA at loading pressures of 13.6 and 17.1 GPa, respectively, under RWC. The yellow lines indicate twin boundaries. (c) and (d) TEM BF and DF images, respectively, of the twin bundle.

Fig. 7. (a) BF image of shear bands. (b) DF image of shear bands. (c) and (d) Close-up views of shear bands.

Fig. 8. Theoretical framework of CP model.

Fig. 9. Schematic of multiscale model configuration.

Fig. 10. Comparison between the experimental and calculated free-surface velocity histories of the CoCrNi MEA sample.

Fig. 11. (a) Calculated evolution of dislocation density during RWC. (b) Dislocation pile-up at GBs. (c) Equivalent stress map during RWC.

Fig. 12. (a) and (b) Evolution of equivalent stress and strain maps, respectively, of CoCrNi MEA under a load pressure of 13.6 GPa. (c) Strain maps of CoCrNi MEA under increasing load pressure.