Fig. 1. Schematic of Haldane model, where e_i and V_i (i=1,2,3) represent basis vectors of nearest and second nearest neighbors to neighboring protocells, and the right diagram shows the interaction of primitive cell in Haldane's honeycomb lattice

Fig. 2. Setup of the circuit with on-site energy. The two black inductors on the far left represent all the grid points of the circuit, and the four nodes are identified as X_± and Y_±, respectively, and the pictures on the right are the connection modes between different grid points A and B, respectively

Fig. 3. Global on-site energy tuning. (a) Schematic of the finite lattice with zigzag edges; (b) equivalent band diagram of a periodic ribbon lattice with zigzag edges and parameters L=3.3 mH, C₁ =330 pF, and C₂ =33 pF; band diagrams when (c) t₃=1 and (d) t₃=2

Fig. 4. Band diagrams of Haldane model with different on-site energies on all sites A and B. (a) Calculated periodic ribbon structural diagram of Haldane model; (b)-(g) calculated band structures with different on-site energies applied on sites A and B with U_A=-U_B=U; (h) circuit band diagram when C_A=-C_B=-99 pF; (i) inductance voltage measured on the upper and lower edges on a simulated PCB with circuit design

Fig. 5. Band diagrams of Haldane model with different on-site energies applied only on boundary sites. (a) Schematics of proposed model; (b)-(g) calculated band diagrams with different edge onsite energies; equivalent circuit band diagrams with grounding capacitors (h) C_g=-115 pF and (i) C_g=115 pF on edge sites

Fig. 6. Band diagrams of Haldane model with different bulk and edge on-site energies. (a) Schematics of proposed model;(b)-(e) evolution of edge state dispersion curves using different U_t