Fig. 1. Planar toroidal metamaterials. (a) Schematic of simulation unit structure; (b) part of experimental test sample

Fig. 2. Simulated and measured transmission curves of the dipolar toroidal metamaterials

Fig. 3. Near-field distribution of toroidal metamaterials at valley of Fano resonances. (a) Surface current distribution; (b) vortex magnetic field at xoz plane

Fig. 4. Scattered power of the three strongest component of multipole at far-field

Fig. 5. Transmission spectra and scattered power with different polarization angles. (a) Variation of transmission spectra; (b) scattered power as a function of polarization angles