Photonics Research, Volume. 1, Issue 1, 42(2013)
Enhanced cell transfection using subwavelength focused optical eigenmode beams [Invited]
Fig. 1. Contrast ratio
Fig. 2. Comparison of theoretical and experimental light field cross sections of the photoporation beam. (a) and (b) Show the theoretical irradiance profiles of the sample, while (c) and (d) show the corresponding experimental images of the beam reflection from the coverslip, respectively, for the diffraction-limited (a),(c) and OEi beams (b),(d). The horizontal scale bar indicates a length of 1 μm. A focal-plane cross section determined using an NSOM is plotted in (e), for the diffraction-limited (thick solid blue line) and OEi beams (thin dashed red line). The maximum intensities are normalized to facilitate comparison. Using Gaussian fitting, it can be seen that the OEi method enables a reduction of the full width at half-maximum of the spot from 755 to 532 nm.
Fig. 3. Optical cell transfection apparatus. A laser beam is magnified and is incident on the microdisplay of the SLM. The SLM is subsequently relayed, through a demagnified telescope, at the back focal plane of the microscope objective, housed within a Nikon Eclipse Ti inverted optical microscope. HWP, half-wave plate; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; L, lens; M, mirror; MO, microscope objective; CCD, charge-coupled device camera.
Fig. 4. Transfection efficiency as a function of the beam focal area shown for the subdiffraction OEi beam, for the diffraction-limited beam (
Fig. 5. Multiphoton comparison of the diffraction-limited beam and OEi beam: (a) two-photon, (b) three-photon, and (c) five-photon excitation. It can be noted that the sidelobes seen in Fig.
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Xanthi Tsampoula, Michael Mazilu, Tom Vettenburg, Frank Gunn-Moore, Kishan Dholakia, "Enhanced cell transfection using subwavelength focused optical eigenmode beams [Invited]," Photonics Res. 1, 42 (2013)
Category: Nanophotonics
Received: Feb. 28, 2013
Accepted: Mar. 26, 2013
Published Online: Jul. 17, 2013
The Author Email: Michael Mazilu (michael.mazilu@st-andrews.ac.uk)