Fig. 1. Diagram and picture depicting the overall system

Fig. 2. Time-gated photon-counting module. (a) Gate module input signal; (b) gate counting module; (c) gate module output signal

Fig. 3. Two-layer tissue phantom. (a) Front view; (b) physical view; (c) top view; (d) perspective view

Fig. 4. Measurement performance evaluation results. (a) Measurement stability; (b) comparison of gated count and TCSPC count

Fig. 5. Flowchart for time-gated parameters determination based on MC module

Fig. 6. Quantitative evaluation of reconstruction results (lattice represents the use of gated information from lattice array to complete the reconstruction, confocal represents the use of gated information from confocal array, and fusion represents the use of gated information from lattice and confocal array). （a） λ=789 nm，d=3 mm；（b） λ=789 nm，d=8 mm；（c） λ=830 nm，d=3 mm；（d） λ=830 nm，d=8 mm