Optical Design of Active and Passive Composite Afocal Imaging System with Coaxial Eccentric-pupil Triple Reflex （Invited）

Parameter	Value
Wavelength（passive imaging system）/nm	450~850
Optical aperture/mm	300
Pixel size/μm	5
Focal length/mm	2 500
F-number	8.33
Imaging system FOV	0.12°×0.12°
Wavelength（active imaging system）/nm	1 550
Laser emission angle/（°）	0.099°×0.033°
Laser receiving angle/（°）	0.058°×0.019°

Table 2. Structural parameters of optical system after optimization
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Table 2. Structural parameters of optical system after optimization
Element Radius of curvature/mm Thickness/mm Coinc type
Primary mirror 1 018.03 420.41 -1
Secondary mirror 252.26 440.40 -3.411
Ternary mirror 285.15 475.00 -1

Table 3. MTF for each field of FOV of passive imaging system in Nyquist frequency

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Table 3. MTF for each field of FOV of passive imaging system in Nyquist frequency

FOV/（°）	Meridian	Sagitta
（0， 0）	0.351	0.352
（0， 0.06）	0.348	0.352
（0， -0.06）	0.348	0.352
（0， 0.03）	0.352	0.352
（0， -0.03）	0.352	0.352
（0.06， 0）	0.352	0.348
（-0.06， 0）	0.352	0.348
（0.03， 0）	0.352	0.352
（-0.03， 0）	0.352	0.352

Table 4. MTF for each field of fov of active imaging system in Nyquist frequency

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Table 4. MTF for each field of fov of active imaging system in Nyquist frequency

FOV/（°）	Meridian	Sagitta
（0， 0）	0.247	0.247
（0， 0.06）	0.244	0.246
（0， -0.06）	0.239	0.245
（0， 0.03）	0.247	0.247
（0， -0.03）	0.244	0.246
（0.06， 0）	0.245	0.242
（-0.06， 0）	0.245	0.242
（0.03， 0）	0.246	0.246
（-0.03， 0）	0.246	0.246

Table 5. Camera optics， line expansion coefficient of structural materials， and spacing distance

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Table 5. Camera optics， line expansion coefficient of structural materials， and spacing distance

Name	Glass or structural materials	Coefficient of expansion （×10^-6 mm·℃^-1）	Thickness/mm
Lens 1	H-K7	8.5	-8.00
Space between lens1 and lens2	titanium alloy	8.9	-2.00
Lens 2	H-FK61	13.1	-10.00
Space between lens2 and lens3	titanium alloy	8.9	-2.00
Lens 3	H-BAK2	8	-12.00
Space between lens3 and lens4	titanium alloy	8.9	-108.18
Lens 4	H-ZPK5	12.4	-12.00
Space between lens4 and lens5	titanium alloy	8.9	-3.99
Lens 5	H-ZK6	6.3	-12.00
Space between lens5 and imaging surface	titanium alloy	8.9	-67.64

Table 6. Effect of uniform temperature field variation on MTF for each field of FOV （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

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Table 6. Effect of uniform temperature field variation on MTF for each field of FOV （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Temperature/℃		（0.00°，0.00°）		（0.03°，0.00°）		（0.06°，0.00°）		Thickness variation between lens 3~4/mm
Temperature/℃		Meridian	Sagitta	Meridian	Sagitta	Meridian	Sagitta	Thickness variation between lens 3~4/mm
15	Before focusing	0.194 7	0.198 1	0.196 5	0.206 0	0.202 3	0.229 5	0.245
15	After focusing	0.338 6	0.338 9	0.338 7	0.338 3	0.338 8	0.334 2	0.245
16	Before focusing	0.235 1	0.238 4	0.236 9	0.245 9	0.242 7	0.267 4	0.196
16	After focusing	0.338 4	0.338 8	0.338 5	0.338 2	0.338 7	0.333 9	0.196
17	Before focusing	0.272 2	0.275 0	0.273 8	0.281 5	0.279 0	0.299 0	0.148
17	After focusing	0.338 2	0.338 6	0.338 4	0.338 1	0.338 6	0.333 7	0.148
18	Before focusing	0.303 0	0.305 3	0.304 4	0.310 1	0.308 4	0.321 6	0.099
18	After focusing	0.338 1	0.338 5	0.338 2	0.338 0	0.338 5	0.333 4	0.099
19	Before focusing	0.325 4	0.326 8	0.326 2	0.329 4	0.328 7	0.333 3	0.051
19	After focusing	0.337 9	0.338 3	0.338 0	0.337 9	0.338 4	0.333 1	0.051
21	Before focusing	0.338 1	0.337 7	0.337 6	0.334 6	0.335 8	0.320 9	-0.046
21	After focusing	0.337 4	0.337 9	0.337 7	0.337 7	0.338 1	0.332 4	-0.046
22	Before focusing	0.327 6	0.326 2	0.326 4	0.320 2	0.322 3	0.298 0	-0.095
22	After focusing	0.337 2	0.337 7	0.337 5	0.337 6	0.337 9	0.332 1	-0.095
23	Before focusing	0.306 6	0.304 5	0.304 8	0.295 9	0.298 5	0.266 2	-0.144
23	After focusing	0.337 0	0.337 5	0.337 3	0.337 5	0.337 8	0.331 7	-0.144
24	Before focusing	0.277 0	0.274 3	0.274 6	0.263 6	0.266 6	0.228 3	-0.193
24	After focusing	0.336 8	0.337 3	0.337 1	0.337 4	0.337 6	0.331 3	-0.193
25	Before focusing	0.241 1	0.237 9	0.238 2	0.225 8	0.229 0	0.187 3	-0.242
25	After focusing	0.336 5	0.337 1	0.336 9	0.337 2	0.337 4	0.330 9	-0.242

Table 7. Effect of object distance variation on mtf for each field of fov （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

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Table 7. Effect of object distance variation on mtf for each field of fov （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Object distance/km	Thickness variation between lens 3~4/mm	Before focusing	After focusing	MTF improvement after focusing	System focal length after focusing/mm
Infinity	0	0.345 1	0.345 1	0	-2 500
5	-3.119	0.003 704	0.341 1	0.337 396	-2 510.58
3.5	-2.495	0.001 284	0.337 1	0.335 816	-2 515.12
2	-8.043	0.001 168	0.315 2	0.314 032	-2 525.92
1	-16.981	0.000 115	0.309 162	0.309 047	-2 557.14

Table 8. Tolerance allocation

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Table 8. Tolerance allocation

Tolerance type	Tolerance value
Lens thickness and air gap	±0.01 mm
Lens tilt	±10″
Lens decentering	±0.01 mm
Lens local aperture	2
Lens aperture	0.2
Lens refractive index	±0.000 5
Abbe number of lens	±0.001
Curvature radius（Quadric）	0.01 mm
Facial shape（Quadric）	0.001
Conic constant（Quadric）	1/50λ

Table 9. Monte Carlo analysis results

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Table 9. Monte Carlo analysis results

	MTF value	RMS of wavefront error
Monte Carlo	90%>0.308 061 91	90%>0.008 801 99
	80%>0.314 342 65	80%>0.007 717 72
	50%>0.323 677 53	50%>0.004 938 53
	20%>0.333 524 05	20%>0.003 277 45
	10%>0.337 453 26	10%>0.002 141 85

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Li ZHANG, Xuyang LI, Hao YUAN, Zhixian LU, Tongyu XU, Liguo BIAN. Optical Design of Active and Passive Composite Afocal Imaging System with Coaxial Eccentric-pupil Triple Reflex （Invited）[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2025, 54(2): 0254106

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Paper Information

Category: Special Issue for Precise Beam Pointing for Space Gravitational Wave Detection

Received: Jul. 3, 2024

Accepted: Aug. 19, 2024

Published Online: Mar. 25, 2025

The Author Email: LI Xuyang (lixuyang2004@126.com)

DOI:10.3788/gzxb20255402.0254106

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Design parameter

Table 1. Design parameter

Table 2. Structural parameters of optical system after optimization

Table 2. Structural parameters of optical system after optimization

Table 3. MTF for each field of FOV of passive imaging system in Nyquist frequency

Table 3. MTF for each field of FOV of passive imaging system in Nyquist frequency

Table 4. MTF for each field of fov of active imaging system in Nyquist frequency

Table 4. MTF for each field of fov of active imaging system in Nyquist frequency

Table 5. Camera optics， line expansion coefficient of structural materials， and spacing distance

Table 5. Camera optics， line expansion coefficient of structural materials， and spacing distance

Table 6. Effect of uniform temperature field variation on MTF for each field of FOV （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Table 6. Effect of uniform temperature field variation on MTF for each field of FOV （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Table 7. Effect of object distance variation on mtf for each field of fov （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Table 7. Effect of object distance variation on mtf for each field of fov （all MTF values at Nyquist frequency in the table）

Table 8. Tolerance allocation

Table 8. Tolerance allocation

Table 9. Monte Carlo analysis results

Table 9. Monte Carlo analysis results

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