Fig. 1. Generation and force analysis of tightly focused light field. (a) CGH loaded in the LC-SLM; (b) intensity distribution at the focal plane of focused light field; (c) phase distribution at the focal plane; (d) optical force distribution in the transverse plane, where the black arrow's length and direction represent the force's magnitude and direction, respectively, and the inset on the left shows a local magnification of the optical force distribution; (e) curves of the intensity and optical force distribution along the x-axis

Fig. 2. Key parameters affecting GPOV manipulation of PS particles. (a) Variation in the focal field size with NA for pear-shaped perfect vortex beam, and insets show intensity distributions at the focal plane for NA values of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.3; (b) lateral trapping force F_x versus NA along the x-axis, and green dots indicate trapping points; (c) phase distribution at the focus of flower-shaped perfect vortex beam for topological charges l=30, 40, 50; (d) lateral transmission force F_y versus l along the x-axis, and green dots indicate trapping points

Fig. 3. Diagram of experimental setup for fluorescence-holographic optical tweezers

Fig. 4. Experimental results of pear-shaped perfect vortex beam manipulating PSFM rotation and transport. (a) Three-dimensional mapping distribution of light field intensity; (b) particle positions at different moments, where the red arrow indicates the direction of particle rotation

Fig. 5. Experimental results of flower-shaped perfect vortex beam manipulating PSFMs rotation and transport. (a) Three-dimensional mapping distribution of light field intensity; (b) particle positions at different moments, where the red arrow indicates the direction of particle rotation