Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) is an important label-free chemical imaging modality that enhances Raman scattering signals via the coherent excitation of vibrational modes in molecules. Coherent enhancement considerably increases the speed of imaging and has various applications in many fields, such as material science, biochemistry, tumor diagnosis, and pharmacokinetics. The emergence of ultrafast pulsed lasers with sub-picosecond pulse durations has introduced novel pathways for CRS through the impulsive excitation of numerous vibrational modes in a synchronous and coherent manner. After discussing the fundamental principles of CRS, this study introduces the main methods of time-domain CRS. Moreover, the latest advances and applications of time-domain stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) have been discussed.