Fig. 1. A paraxial ray passing through an optical system

Fig. 2. Spherical aberration

Fig. 3. Relation between refractive index and shape parameter

Fig. 4. Relation between refractive index and 折射率与 的关系图

Fig. 5. Relation between refractive index and 折射率与 的关系图

Fig. 6. Relation of refractive index, shape parameter and 折射率、形状参数与 的函数关系图

Fig. 7. Relation between and under different refractive indices 不同折射率情况下， 与X之间的函数关系图

Fig. 8. Relation between and magnification 与放大率的函数曲线

Fig. 9. Relation between and magnification 与放大率的函数曲线

Fig. 10. Relation between and magnification 与放大率的函数曲线

Fig. 11. Relation between and magnification 与放大率的函数曲线

Fig. 12. Coma

Fig. 13. Relation of , and 、 与 的关系图

Fig. 14. Comparison of the optimal values

Fig. 15. Relation between and magnification 与放大率之间的关系图