Limited by industrial design thoughts， the traditional optoelectronic imaging technique has already reached its performance limitation. So that it is difficult to meet the increasing application demands in the information era. The Computational Imaging Technology （CIT） is the inevitable development of the information era. By deeply coupled with mathematical calculations and signal processing in the process of information acquisition， transmission and interpretation， the bottlenecks in physical information obtaining， modeling and solving are effectively broken by CIT. And the qualitative improvement in dimensions， scale and resolution of information are achieved. Although CIT is rapidly developing， its research layout is fragmented and decentralized， and there is no systematic system to lead the technology development. Therefore， in this paper， the concept and connotation of CIT are condensed， and the CIT system is established. Furthermore the basic commonality problems and key technologies to be solved are analyzed， especially the problem of nonlinear imaging model. The four typical imaging requirements of distance， resolution， field of view and system size are analyzed. And the corresponding key issues of super-large aperture imaging system， imaging beyond diffraction limit， bionic optics， interpretation of light field information， computational optical system design and computational detector are expounded. A global perspective is provided in this paper for related researchers to better promote the technology development and application.