Photonics Research, Volume. 11, Issue 2, B50(2023)
Nonlinear photonics with metasurfaces
Fig. 1. Nonlinear resonant metasurfaces for second- and third-harmonic generation. (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of
Fig. 2. Asymmetric generation of third-harmonic images with nonlinear nonreciprocal metasurfaces. (a) Directional formation of images achieved at the third-harmonic-generation frequency by using nonlinear anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces with asymmetric geometry and strong magneto-optical coupling [110]. The unit cell is composed of subwavelength nanoresonators based on silicon nitride and amorphous silicon. (b) Experimental realization of the bilayer metasurface: scanning electron microscopy image of the sample, before its embedding into the homogeneous environment. (c) Experimental results. Nonlinear optical response detected in transmission at the third-harmonic frequency for forward and backward excitation at a wavelength of 1475 nm. Each experimental image is assigned its own individual minimum and maximum levels of camera counts. Adapted from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature Ltd.
Fig. 3. Examples of enhanced nonlinear chiral response of metasurfaces. (a), (b) Optical chiral quasi-BIC metasurface composed of arrays of meta-atoms resonantly transmitting RCP light but transforming it to LCP light. (c) Experimentally measured THG intensities for chiral metasurface, compared to Si thin film. Inset shows a photographic image of the light spot of THG. Adapted from Ref. [116]. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. (d) Measured third-harmonic chiral dicroism spectrum in nonlinear dielectric metasurface that supports multiple quasi-BIC resonances. Dashed lines are guide for eyes. The resonant wavelengths are marked with solid vertical lines [118].
Fig. 4. Observation of self-action effects and high-harmonic generation with resonant silicon metasurfaces. (a) Scheme of the ultrafast self-action effects in the metasurface supporting quasi-BIC resonances. (b) Experimentally measured dependence of THG spectra on pump power; each spectrum is normalized to the third power of its pump intensity. Right: measured (dots) and simulated (solid lines) evolution of the spectral position (blue) of the THG peak and its linewidth (red) with an increase of the pump power density. Inset shows an SEM image of the resonant metasurface. Adapted with permission from Ref. [121]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (c) Spectrum of high harmonics generated by 100 fs laser pulses. The pale blue area is the spectral range not covered for a particular spectrometer. Right: power dependence of the generated fifth to eleventh harmonics for 100 fs pump pulses. Adapted with permission from Ref. [122]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society.
Fig. 5. (a) Artist’s representation of SPDC from a
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Polina Vabishchevich, Yuri Kivshar. Nonlinear photonics with metasurfaces[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(2): B50
Special Issue: OPTICAL METASURFACES: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS
Received: Sep. 14, 2022
Accepted: Nov. 22, 2022
Published Online: Feb. 8, 2023
The Author Email: Yuri Kivshar (yuri.kivshar@anu.edu.au)