Nonlinear optical properties of WSe2 and MoSe2 films and their applications in passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber lasers

Wenjun Liu; Mengli Liu; Hainian Han; Shaobo Fang; Hao Teng; Ming Lei; Zhiyi Wei

doi:10.1364/PRJ.6.000C15

Photonics Research, Volume. 6, Issue 10, C15(2018)

Nonlinear optical properties of WSe₂ and MoSe₂ films and their applications in passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber lasers

Wenjun Liu^1,2,3, Mengli Liu¹, Hainian Han¹, Shaobo Fang², Hao Teng², Ming Lei^1,4, and Zhiyi Wei^2、*

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

²Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

³e-mail: jungliu@bupt.edu.cn

⁴e-mail: mlei@bupt.edu.cn

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. (a) AFM overview of WSe2. (b) Function curve of height and lateral distance of the WSe2 SA. (c) TEM detail image of the WSe2 SA at scale bar length of 10 nm. (d) AFM image of MoSe2. (e) Function curve of height and lateral distance of the MoSe2 SA. (f) TEM detail image of the MoSe2 SA at high resolution of 10 nm.

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Fig. 2. (a) Absorption spectrum of WSe2. (b) Absorption spectrum of MoSe2.

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Fig. 3. (a) Effective coverage area of WSe2 material in the case of no light passing. (b) The light passing through the effective area of material.

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Fig. 4. (a) Raman spectrum of the WSe2 SA. (b) Raman spectrum of the MoSe2 SA. (c) Non-linear saturable absorption of the WSe2 SA. (d) Non-linear saturable absorption of the MoSe2 SA.

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Fig. 5. (a) and (b) are the XPS profiles of WSe2. (c) and (d) are the XPS profiles of MoSe2.

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Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the passively Q-switched pulse fiber laser on the basis of WSe2 and MoSe2 SAs. Pump is the laser diode with a center wavelength of 976 nm; WDM is the wavelength division multiplexer; WSe2/MoSe2 SA is the saturable absorber; EDF is the erbium-doped gain fiber; PI-ISO is the polarization independent isolator; PC is the polarization controller; OC is the optical coupler.

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Fig. 7. Experimental results of passively Q-switched pulse fiber laser based on the WSe2 SA. (a) Pulse trains at different power levels. (b) Single pulse sequence at maximum pump power of 680 mW. (c) Optical spectrum. (d) RF spectrum at 300 Hz RBW.

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Fig. 8. (a) The trend of repetition and duration as the pump power is boosted. (b) Output power and pulse energy under variable power.

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Fig. 9. Experimental results of Q-switched fiber laser based on the MoSe2 SA. (a) Pulse trains at different power levels. (b) Single pulse sequence at maximum pump power of 680 mW. (c) Optical spectrum. (d) RF spectrum.

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Fig. 10. (a) Trends of repetition and duration as the pump power is boosted. (b) Output power and pulse energy under variable power.

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Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SA^a

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Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SA^a

Materials	Preparation Method	Modulation Depth (%)	Repetition Rate (kHz)	Pulse Duration (μs)	SNR (dB)	$Q$ -Switching Threshold (mW)	P (mW)	Maximum Pulse Energy (nJ)	Ref.
${WSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	3.5	4.5–49.6	3.1–7.9	46.7	140	1.23	33.2	[52]
${WSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	4.31	92.5–138	0.75–1.48	50	170	3.54	29	[53]
${WSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	3.02	46.3–85.4	4.0–9.2	41.9	280	3.16	484.8	[54]
${WSe}_{2}$	CVD	31	77–242	1.2–4.3	72	118	26.7	110	This Work

Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the MoSe2 SA

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Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the MoSe2 SA

Materials	Preparation Method	Modulation Depth (%)	Repetition Rate (kHz)	Pulse Duration (μs)	SNR (dB)	$Q$ -Switching Threshold (mW)	P (mW)	Maximum Pulse Energy (nJ)	Ref.
${MoSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	6.73	60.724–66.847	4.04–6.506	31.3	570	2.45	369.5	[54]
${MoSe}_{2} - PVA$	ME	4.7	26.5–35.4	4.8–7.9	—	18.9	—	825	[55]
${MoSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	1.2	34.5–90	1	35.97	110	2	2.3	[56]
${MoSe}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	0.63	9.9	13.6	—	10	—	—	[57]
${MoSe}_{2}$	CVD	25.69	64–122	1.53–5.75	57	160	17.16	140.7	This Work

Table 3. Performance Comparison with MoS2-Based Q-Switched Fiber Lasers

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Table 3. Performance Comparison with MoS2-Based Q-Switched Fiber Lasers

Materials	Preparation Method	Modulation Depth (%)	Repetition Rate (kHz)	Pulse Duration (μs)	SNR (dB)	$Q$ -Switching Threshold (mW)	P (mW)	Maximum Pulse Energy (nJ)	Ref.
${MoS}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	2	8.77–43.47	3.3	50	18.9	5.91	160	[58]
${MoS}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	2.15	7.758–41.452	9.92	48.5	50	0.77	184.7	[54]
${MoS}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	1.6	6.5–27.0	5.4	54.6	17.4	1.7	63.2	[17]
${MoS}_{2} - PVA$	LPE	4	72.74–86.39	3.53	51.6	258	6.47	74.93	[59]
${MoS}_{2}$	CVD	33.2	10.6–173.1	1.66	42.5	20.4	4.71	27.2	[31]
${MoS}_{2}$	CVD	28.5%	28.6–114.8	2.18	41.1	42	$< 1$	8.2	[32]
${WSe}_{2}$	CVD	31%	77–242	1.2	72	118	26.7	110	This Work
${MoSe}_{2}$	CVD	25.69%	64–122	1.53	57	160	17.16	140.7	This Work

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Wenjun Liu, Mengli Liu, Hainian Han, Shaobo Fang, Hao Teng, Ming Lei, Zhiyi Wei, "Nonlinear optical properties of WSe₂ and MoSe₂ films and their applications in passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber lasers," Photonics Res. 6, C15 (2018)

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Paper Information

Special Issue: TWO DIMENSIONAL LAYERED MATERIALS FOR ULTRAFAST LASERS (INVITATION ONLY)

Received: May. 8, 2018

Accepted: Jul. 8, 2018

Published Online: Aug. 21, 2018

The Author Email: Zhiyi Wei (zywei@iphy.ac.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.6.000C15

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SAa

Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SAa

Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the MoSe2 SA

Table 2. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the MoSe2 SA

Table 3. Performance Comparison with MoS2-Based Q-Switched Fiber Lasers

Table 3. Performance Comparison with MoS2-Based Q-Switched Fiber Lasers

Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SA^a

Table 1. Performance Comparison of the Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser Based on the WSe2 SA^a