Fig. 1. The chronology of different magnitudes of large volcanic eruptions (Siebert et al., 2011) and El Niño/La Niña events (Gergis and Fowler, 2009) from 1525 to 2000

Fig. 2. ENSO events occurred in 0, +1, +2 years after large volcanic eruptions from 1525 to 2000 in global extent (a. percentage of ENSO events within 0-2 years of no-eruptions (inner ring) and eruptions (outer ring), respectively. b. years of El Niño, La Niña and all ENSO in 0, +1, and +2 years after an eruption)

Fig. 3. Percentages of large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events occurring within the 0-2 years following the large eruptions in the four regions of the Equator (E), the Low-Middle Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), the High Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH)

Fig. 4. Percentages of ENSO events occurring in 0, +1 and +2 years after large volcanic eruptions in different regions and at global extent: the Equator (E), the Low-Middle Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), the High Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH), the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Globe(G). Each column was divided into El Niño and La Niña events

Fig. 5. Percentages and accumulative percentages of various magnitudes of ENSO events within the following 0-2 years of no-eruptions and eruptions (a. ENSO, b. El Niño, c. La Niña)

Fig. 6. The numbers and accumulative percentages of various magnitudes of ENSO events occurred within the 0-2 years after a large volcanic eruption in four regions: (a) The Equator (E), (b) the low-middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), (c) the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH), and (d) the Southern Hemisphere (SH)

Fig. 7. The continuity of the ENSO events and the magnitudes within 0-2 years after volcanic eruptions ((a) The percentages of volcanic eruptions followed by different amounts of ENSO events (1, 2 or 3 events) within the 3 years; (b) the percentages of the 2 consecutive ENSO events with different trend in magnitude; (c) the proportions of the 2 inconsecutive ENSO events with different trends in magnitude; (d) the proportions of the 3 consecutive ENSO events with different trends in magnitude)