Wavelet modulus maxima method for on-line wavelength location of pulsed lidar in CO2 differential absorption lidar detection

Wei Gong; Chengzhi Xiang; Feiyue Mao; Xin Ma; Ailin Liang

doi:10.1364/prj.4.000074

Photonics Research, Volume. 4, Issue 2, 0074(2016)

Wavelet modulus maxima method for on-line wavelength location of pulsed lidar in CO2 differential absorption lidar detection

Wei Gong^1,2,3, Chengzhi Xiang^1、*, Feiyue Mao^1,2,3,4,5, Xin Ma¹, and Ailin Liang¹

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan 430079, China

²Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China

³Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High-efficiency Utilization of Solar Energy, Wuhan 430068, China

⁴School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan 430079, China

⁵e-mail: maofeiyue@whu.edu.cn

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Figures & Tables(21)

Fig. 1. Fluctuation of the dye laser emission system at around 1.6 μm region.

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Fig. 2. Diagram of the ground-based DIAL.

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Fig. 3. Simultaneous emission system of the dual-wavelength laser.

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Fig. 4. Calculated absorption cross sections of CO2 and H2O according to the HITRAN 2012 database.

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Fig. 5. Calculated absorption cross sections of the CO2 molecule at the region of R16.

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Fig. 6. Simulated result of on-line wavelength calibration through the wavelet modulus maxima in R16.

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Fig. 7. Simulated result of on-line wavelength calibration through quintic polynomial fitting in R16.

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Fig. 8. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 20.

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Fig. 9. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 80.

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Fig. 10. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 50.

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Fig. 11. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 30.

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Fig. 12. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 10.

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Fig. 13. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 5.

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Fig. 14. Calibration result of the wavelet modulus maxima and polynomial fitting method with an SNR of 1.

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Fig. 15. Wavelength control unit of the ground-based DIAL.

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Fig. 16. Result of on-line wavelength calibration with real measured signals through the wavelet modulus maxima at the R16 region.

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Table 1. Spectroscopic Parameters of CO2 and H2O Involved in the Simulation Analysis

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Table 1. Spectroscopic Parameters of CO2 and H2O Involved in the Simulation Analysis

Abbr.	Position	Intensity	bL(air)	$E^{''}$	$n$	$δ^{0} (air)$	$δ^{'} (air)$	$P$	$T$
C3	6358.654 375	$1.7295 E - 23$	0.076 53	81.9401	0.680	$- 4.92 E - 3$	$- 6.3 E - 5$	101325	296
C4	6359.967 286	$1.7414 E - 23$	0.074 85	106.1297	0.672	$- 4.98 E - 3$	$- 8.3 E - 5$	101325	296
C5	6361.250 392	$1.7026 E - 23$	0.073 55	133.4393	0.653	$- 5.60 E - 3$	$- 6.8 E - 5$	101325	296
H1	6357.881	$3.430 E - 26$	0.075	610.34	0.58	$- 0.0160$	—	101325	296
H2	6358.894	$1.090 E - 27$	0.074	2764.70	0.53	$- 0.0175$	—	101325	296
H3	6360.456	$2.070 E - 28$	0.041	2927.94	0.37	$- 0.0273$	—	101325	296
H4	6361.442	$8.875 E - 27$	0.017	1327.12	$- 0.06$	$- 0.0120$	—	101325	296
H5	6361.838	$1.020 E - 27$	0.025	2972.83	0.09	$- 0.0171$	—	101325	296

Table 2. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima
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Table 2. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima
Calibration Accuracy 0.1 pm 0.2 pm 0.5 pm 0.8 pm $> 0.8 pm$
No. 31 18 44 6 1

Table 3. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through Quintic Polynomial Fitting
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Table 3. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through Quintic Polynomial Fitting
Calibration Accuracy 0.1 pm 0.2 pm 0.5 pm 0.8 pm $> 0.8 pm$
No. 22 9 27 21 21

Table 4. Statistical Calibration Results of the Simulated Signals Through Two Methods with Different SNRs

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Table 4. Statistical Calibration Results of the Simulated Signals Through Two Methods with Different SNRs

Method SNR		80	50	30	10	5	1
Wavelet Modulus Maxima	ABS(nm)	1572.3363	1572.3364	1572.3365	1572.3366	1572.3367	1572.3367
	SD	$2.2851 E - 12$	$1.5067 E - 4$	$3.1825 E - 4$	$4.6450 E - 4$	$5.1508 E - 4$	$6.1714 E - 4$
Quintic Polynomial Fitting	ABS(nm)	1572.3368	1572.3368	1572.3368	1572.3369	1572.3372	1572.3373
Quintic Polynomial Fitting	SD	$7.5201 E - 4$	$7.4352 E - 4$	$7.1890 E - 4$	$8.6116 E - 4$	$1.1728 E - 3$	$1.3906 E - 3$

Table 5. Evolution of On-Line Wavelength Calibration Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima (unit: nm)

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Table 5. Evolution of On-Line Wavelength Calibration Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima (unit: nm)

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
T values	0.32530	0.32228	0.32541	0.33157	0.32228	0.32535	0.33163	0.32535
C values	0.32228	0.32228	0.32767	0.33317	0.32228	0.32231	0.32911	0.32223
D values	0.00302	0	0.00226	0.00160	0	0.00304	0.00252	0.00302
	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
T values	0.32228	0.31614	0.32228	0.31921	0.32228	0.33154	0.31922	0.32541
C values	0.31921	0.31921	0.32228	0.31614	0.31921	0.33461	0.31922	0.32541
D values	0.00307	0.00307	0	0.00307	0.00307	0.00307	0.00010	0

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Wei Gong, Chengzhi Xiang, Feiyue Mao, Xin Ma, Ailin Liang, "Wavelet modulus maxima method for on-line wavelength location of pulsed lidar in CO2 differential absorption lidar detection," Photonics Res. 4, 0074 (2016)

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Paper Information

Received: Oct. 20, 2015

Accepted: Dec. 31, 2015

Published Online: Sep. 28, 2016

The Author Email: Chengzhi Xiang (cxiang@whu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/prj.4.000074

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Spectroscopic Parameters of CO2 and H2O Involved in the Simulation Analysis

Table 1. Spectroscopic Parameters of CO2 and H2O Involved in the Simulation Analysis

Table 2. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima

Table 2. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima

Table 3. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through Quintic Polynomial Fitting

Table 3. Statistical Result of the 100 Simulated Experiments Through Quintic Polynomial Fitting

Table 4. Statistical Calibration Results of the Simulated Signals Through Two Methods with Different SNRs

Table 4. Statistical Calibration Results of the Simulated Signals Through Two Methods with Different SNRs

Table 5. Evolution of On-Line Wavelength Calibration Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima (unit: nm)

Table 5. Evolution of On-Line Wavelength Calibration Through the Wavelet Modulus Maxima (unit: nm)