Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of ground target thermal boundary

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of integrated calculation model built in overcast and rainy weather and complex weather

Fig. 3. Solver flowchart

Fig. 4. (a) CUBI model test diagram; (b) Physical model and meshing of CUBI

Fig. 5. Meteorological parameters on June 28, 2022. (a) Air temperature, air specific humidity; (b) Precipitation intensity; (c) Wind speed; (d) Sun radiance

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of CUBI model monitoring point setting

Fig. 7. (a) The distribution of catch ratio for CUBI model rainfall intensity of 1.2 mm/h; (b) Test photography of CUBI model rainfall distribution map

Fig. 8. (a) Temperature distribution of CUBI model from leeward view; (b) Temperature distribution of CUBI model from the view of windward side

Fig. 9. Variation characteristics of calculated and measured temperatures on each surface and their errors. (a) Comparison diagram of east temperature; (b) Comparison diagram of south temperature; (c) Comparison diagram of west temperature; (d) Comparison diagram of up temperature

Fig. 10. Rainfall capture rate of CUBI model top surface with rainfall intensity of 1.2 mm/h, 2.4 mm/h and 3.6 mm/h respectively

Fig. 11. Temperature comparison diagram of monitoring points on CUBI model in rainfall stage

Fig. 12. (a) Rainfall capture rate distribution of CUBI model in southwest wind direction; (b) Rainfall capture rate distribution of CUBI model in northwest wind direction

Fig. 13. (a) 24 h surface temperature characteristics of CUBI model when southwest wind is dominant; (b) 24 h surface temperature characteristics of CUBI model when northwest wind is dominant

Fig. 14. Temperature characteristics and wind speed distribution in the north of CUBI model in southwest and northwest wind directions