Fig. 1. Geometric moment patterns

Fig. 2. Simulation scenes. (a) Target object; (b) Complex background; (c) Target object in complex background

Fig. 3. Graph of centroid estimation error versus peak signal-to-noise ratio

Fig. 4. Experimental system diagram

Fig. 5. Comparative experimental results with a frame rate ~500 fps

Fig. 6. Experimental results of tracking a moving magnet at a frame rate ~500 fps

Fig. 7. Tracking experimental scenes with a frame rate ~500 fps

Fig. 8. Experimental results of tracking a moving drone model at a frame rate of ~1 000 fps

Fig. 9. Tracking experimental scenes with a frame rate ~1 000 fps