Fig. 1. The designed multi-layer structure. From left to right, there are cooling load, electrode, ferroelectric ceramic layer EC1, electrode, ferroelectric ceramic layer EC2, electrode, and heat sink.

Fig. 2. The sequential electric fields applied to each EC units.

Fig. 3. The transferred heat Q as a function of the temperature difference between load and heat sink (T_load – T_sink). Here, case 1 is the transferred heat of the proposed MLCC with EC effect, case 2 is the transferred heat of the same structure without EC effect, and case 3 is the transferred heat of the same structure replacing EC layers with Ni metal.