Photonics Research, Volume. 10, Issue 3, 777(2022)

Deterministic distribution of orbital angular momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entanglement and quantum steering

Li Zeng1,2、†, Rong Ma1,2,3、†, Hong Wen1,2, Meihong Wang1,2, Jun Liu1,2, Zhongzhong Qin1,2,4, and Xiaolong Su1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 3College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 4e-mail: zzqin@sxu.edu.cn
  • show less
    References(52)

    [1] R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, K. Horodecki. Quantum entanglement. Rev. Mod. Phys., 81, 865-942(2009).

    [2] S. L. Braunstein, P. van Loock. Quantum information with continuous variables. Rev. Mod. Phys., 77, 513-577(2005).

    [3] H. J. Kimble. The quantum internet. Nature, 453, 1023-1030(2008).

    [4] C. Weedbrook, S. Pirandola, R. García-Patrón, N. J. Cerf, T. C. Ralph, J. H. Shapiro, S. Lloyd. Gaussian quantum information. Rev. Mod. Phys., 84, 621-669(2012).

    [5] X. Wang, T. Hiroshima, A. Tomita, M. Hayashi. Quantum information with Gaussian states. Phys. Rep., 448, 1-111(2007).

    [6] J. S. Bell. On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox. Physics, 1, 195-200(1964).

    [7] R. Uola, A. C. S. Costa, H. C. Nguyen, O. Gühne. Quantum steering. Rev. Mod. Phys., 92, 015001(2020).

    [8] H. M. Wiseman, S. J. Jones, A. C. Doherty. Steering, entanglement, nonlocality, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox. Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, 140402(2007).

    [9] V. Händchen, T. Eberle, S. Steinlechner, A. Samblowski, T. Franz, R. F. Werner, R. Schnabel. Observation of one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Nat. Photonics, 6, 596-599(2012).

    [10] S. Armstrong, M. Wang, R. Y. Teh, Q. Gong, Q. He, J. Janousek, H. A. Bachor, M. D. Reid, P. K. Lam. Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering and genuine tripartite entanglement with optical networks. Nat. Phys., 11, 167-172(2015).

    [11] S. Wollmann, N. Walk, A. J. Bennet, H. M. Wiseman, G. J. Pryde. Observation of genuine one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 160403(2016).

    [12] K. Sun, X.-J. Ye, J.-S. Xu, X.-Y. Xu, J.-S. Tang, Y.-C. Wu, J.-L. Chen, C.-F. Li, G.-C. Guo. Experimental quantification of asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 160404(2016).

    [13] Z. Qin, X. Deng, C. Tian, M. Wang, X. Su, C. Xie, K. Peng. Manipulating the direction of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Phys. Rev. A, 95, 052114(2017).

    [14] Y. Xiao, X.-J. Ye, K. Sun, J.-S. Xu, C.-F. Li, G.-C. Guo. Demonstration of multisetting one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in two-qubit systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 118, 140404(2017).

    [15] A. Cavaillès, H. Le Jeannic, J. Raskop, G. Guccione, D. Markham, E. Diamanti, M. D. Shaw, V. B. Verma, S. W. Nam, J. Laurat. Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering using hybrid continuous- and discrete-variable entanglement of light. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 170403(2018).

    [16] M. Wang, Y. Xiang, H. Kang, D. Han, Y. Liu, Q. He, Q. Gong, X. Su, K. Peng. Deterministic distribution of multipartite entanglement and steering in a quantum network by separable states. Phys. Rev. Lett., 125, 260506(2020).

    [17] C. Branciard, E. G. Cavalcanti, S. P. Walborn, V. Scarani, H. M. Wiseman. One-sided device-independent quantum key distribution: security, feasibility, and the connection with steering. Phys. Rev. A, 85, 010301(2012).

    [18] T. Gehring, V. Händchen, J. Duhme, F. Furrer, T. Franz, C. Pacher, R. F. Werner, R. Schnabel. Implementation of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with composable and one-sided-device-independent security against coherent attacks. Nat. Commun., 6, 8795(2015).

    [19] N. Walk, S. Hosseini, J. Geng, O. Thearle, J. Y. Haw, S. Armstrong, S. M. Assad, J. Janousek, T. C. Ralph, T. Symul, H. M. Wiseman, P. K. Lam. Experimental demonstration of Gaussian protocols for one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution. Optica, 3, 634-642(2016).

    [20] M. Pysher, Y. Miwa, R. Shahrokhshahi, R. Bloomer, O. Pfister. Parallel generation of quadripartite cluster entanglement in the optical frequency comb. Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 030505(2011).

    [21] J. Roslund, R. M. de Araújo, S. Jiang, C. Fabre, N. Treps. Wavelength-multiplexed quantum networks with ultrafast frequency combs. Nat. Photonics, 8, 109-112(2014).

    [22] H. Liu, J. Wang, H. Ma, S. Sun. Polarization-multiplexing-based measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution without phase reference calibration. Optica, 5, 902-909(2018).

    [23] S. Yokoyama, R. Ukai, S. C. Armstrong, C. Sornphiphatphong, T. Kaji, S. Suzuki, J. Yoshikawa, H. Yonezawa, N. C. Menicucci, A. Furusawa. Ultra-large-scale continuous-variable cluster states multiplexed in the time domain. Nat. Photonics, 7, 982-986(2013).

    [24] A. Marandi, Z. Wang, K. Takata, R. L. Byer, Y. Yamamoto. Network of time-multiplexed optical parametric oscillators as a coherent Ising machine. Nat. Photonics, 8, 937-942(2014).

    [25] M. Larsen, X. Guo, C. Breum, J. Neergaard-Nielsen, U. Andersen. Deterministic generation of a two-dimensional cluster state. Science, 366, 369-372(2019).

    [26] D. J. Richardson, J. M. Fini, L. E. Nelson. Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres. Nat. Photonics, 7, 354-362(2013).

    [27] Y. Pu, Y. Wu, N. Jiang, W. Chang, C. Li, S. Zhang, L. Duan. Experimental entanglement of 25 individually accessible atomic quantum interfaces. Sci. Adv., 4, eaar3931(2018).

    [28] L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw, J. P. Woerdman. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. Phys. Rev. A, 45, 8185-8189(1992).

    [29] J. Wang, J. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, Y. Yan, H. Huang, Y. Ren, Y. Yue, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, A. E. Willner. Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nat. Photonics, 6, 488-496(2012).

    [30] N. Bozinovic, Y. Yue, Y. Ren, M. Tur, P. Kristensen, H. Huang, A. E. Willner, S. Ramachandran. Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers. Science, 340, 1545-1548(2013).

    [31] R. Fickler, G. Campbell, B. Buchler, P. K. Lam, A. Zeilinger. Quantum entanglement of angular momentum states with quantum numbers up to 10,010. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13642-13647(2016).

    [32] X. L. Wang, Y. H. Luo, H. L. Huang, M. C. Chen, Z. E. Su, C. Liu, C. Chen, W. Li, Y. Q. Fang, X. Jiang, J. Zhang, L. Li, N. L. Liu, C. Y. Lu, J. W. Pan. 18-qubit entanglement with six photons’ three degrees of freedom. Phys. Rev. Lett., 120, 260502(2018).

    [33] Z. Qin, A. S. Prasad, T. Brannan, A. MacRae, A. Lezama, A. I. Lvovsky. Complete temporal characterization of a single photon. Light Sci. Appl., 4, e298(2015).

    [34] Z. Qin, L. Cao, H. Wang, A. M. Marino, W. Zhang, J. Jing. Experimental generation of multiple quantum correlated beams from hot rubidium vapor. Phys. Rev. Lett., 113, 023602(2014).

    [35] V. Boyer, A. M. Marino, R. C. Pooser, P. D. Lett. Entangled images from four-wave mixing. Science, 321, 544-547(2008).

    [36] K. Zhang, W. Wang, S. Liu, X. Pan, J. Du, Y. Lou, S. Yu, S. Lv, N. Treps, C. Fabre, J. Jing. Reconfigurable hexapartite entanglement by spatially multiplexed four-wave mixing processes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 090501(2020).

    [37] A. M. Marino, V. Boyer, R. C. Pooser, P. D. Lett, K. Lemons, K. M. Jones. Delocalized correlations in twin light beams with orbital angular momentum. Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 093602(2008).

    [38] F. Hudelist, J. Kong, C. Liu, J. Jing, Z. Y. Ou, W. Zhang. Quantum metrology with parametric amplifier-based photon correlation interferometers. Nat. Commun., 5, 3049(2014).

    [39] R. C. Pooser, B. Lawrie. Ultrasensitive measurement of microcantilever displacement below the shot-noise limit. Optica, 2, 393-399(2015).

    [40] X. Pan, S. Yu, Y. Zhou, K. Zhang, K. Zhang, S. Lv, S. Li, W. Wang, J. Jing. Orbital-angular-momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entanglement from four-wave mixing in hot atomic vapor. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 070506(2019).

    [41] S. Li, X. Pan, Y. Ren, H. Liu, S. Yu, J. Jing. Deterministic generation of orbital-angular-momentum multiplexed tripartite entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 083605(2020).

    [42] W. Wang, K. Zhang, J. Jing. Large-scale quantum network over 66 orbital angular momentum optical modes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 125, 140501(2020).

    [43] S. Liu, Y. Lou, J. Jing. Orbital angular momentum multiplexed deterministic all-optical quantum teleportation. Nat. Commun., 11, 3875(2020).

    [44] D. Cozzolino, E. Polino, M. Valeri, G. Carvacho, D. Bacco, N. Spagnolo, L. Oxenløwe, F. Sciarrino. Air-core fiber distribution of hybrid vector vortex-polarization entangled states. Adv. Photon., 1, 046005(2019).

    [45] G. Vallone, V. D’Ambrosio, A. Sponselli, S. Slussarenko, L. Marrucci, F. Sciarrino, P. Villoresi. Free-space quantum key distribution by rotation-invariant twisted photons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 113, 060503(2014).

    [46] Y. Chen, W. Shen, Z. Li, C. Hu, Z. Yan, Z. Jiao, J. Gao, M. Cao, K. Sun, X. Jin. Underwater transmission of high-dimensional twisted photons over 55 meters. PhotoniX, 1, 5(2020).

    [47] R. Ma, W. Liu, Z. Qin, X. Su, X. Jia, J. Zhang, J. Gao. Compact sub-kilohertz low-frequency quantum light source based on four-wave mixing in cesium vapor. Opt. Lett., 43, 1243-1246(2018).

    [48] R. Simon. Peres-Horodecki separability criterion for continuous variable systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 2726-2729(2000).

    [49] I. Kogias, A. R. Lee, S. Ragy, G. Adesso. Quantification of Gaussian quantum steering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 060403(2015).

    [50] P. Vaity, J. Banerji, R. P. Singh. Measuring the topological charge of an optical vortex by using a tilted convex lens. Phys. Lett. A, 377, 1154-1156(2013).

    [51] X. Deng, Y. Liu, M. Wang, X. Su, K. Peng. Sudden death and revival of Gaussian Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering in noisy channels. npj Quantum Inf., 7, 65(2021).

    [52] Z. Zhu, M. Janasik, A. Fyffe, D. Hay, Y. Zhou, B. Kantor, T. Winder, R. W. Boyd, G. Leuchs, Z. Shi. Compensation-free high-dimensional free-space optical communication using turbulence-resilient vector beam. Nat. Commun., 12, 1666(2021).

    Tools

    Get Citation

    Copy Citation Text

    Li Zeng, Rong Ma, Hong Wen, Meihong Wang, Jun Liu, Zhongzhong Qin, Xiaolong Su. Deterministic distribution of orbital angular momentum multiplexed continuous-variable entanglement and quantum steering[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(3): 777

    Download Citation

    EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
    Save article for my favorites
    Paper Information

    Category: Quantum Optics

    Received: Sep. 10, 2021

    Accepted: Jan. 28, 2022

    Published Online: Mar. 1, 2022

    The Author Email: Xiaolong Su (suxl@sxu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.442925

    Topics