Fig. 1. Evolution of laser output power versus year for Nd∶YAG ceramic lasers^[19]

Fig. 2. Laser bands corresponding to transitions between different energy levels^[20]

Fig. 3. 1443 nm Nd∶YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) output performance^[26]

Fig. 4. Passively Q-switched Nd∶YAG ceramic laser at 1123 nm. (a) Experimental setup; (b) absorption spectrum of the GNTs-SA; (c) output power; (d) evolution of pulse repetition rate and pulse width varying with pump power^[32]

Fig. 5. Composite Nd∶YAG ceramics with different structures and their properties

Fig. 6. Experimental setup for laser diode side-pumped composite rod ceramic^[38]

Fig. 7. Laser performance of various types of composite Nd∶YAG ceramic^[36]

Fig. 8. Planar waveguide YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) structure of planar waveguide YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG ceramic^[42]

Fig. 9. Schematic of the dual concentration doping YAG/Nd∶YAG/YAG slab ceramic^[45]

Fig. 10. Two-pass-pumping laser configuration^[51]

Fig. 11. Experimental setup of Yb∶ YAG ceramic laser^[54]

Fig. 12. Experimental results. (a) Output power of 10.0% Yb∶YAG ceramic laser; (b) output power of 5.0% Yb∶YAG ceramic laser^[54]

Fig. 13. Beam quality as a function of the output power^[54]

Fig. 14. Composite YAG/Yb∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Structural diagram of composite ceramic; (b) experimental setup of ceramic laser^[58]

Fig. 15. Experimental setup of slap Yb∶YAG ceramic laser^[60]

Fig. 16. Experimental setup of the planar waveguide YAG/10% Yb∶YAG/YAG ceramic MOPA^[61]

Fig. 17. Experimental setup of laser system^[71]

Fig. 18. Planar waveguide YAG/Tm∶YAG/YAG ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) output power with different output mirrors^[78]

Fig. 19. Yb∶Lu2O₃ ceramic laser. (a) Experimental setup; (b) photograph of the pump module^[87]

Fig. 20. Experimental setup for the Kerr-lens mode-locked laser^[98]

Fig. 21. Energy level structure diagram of Tm³⁺

Fig. 22. Experimental setup for LD end-pumped Er∶Y₂O₃ ceramic lasers^[104]