A miniaturized and low-cost vector analysis system is proposed to analyze the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric resonators. The system uses STM32 to control 4 DDS chips to generate the driving signals and the vector analytical orthogonal signals. By writing frequency control words to the DDS module, the signals with sweeping frequencies are generated to excite the piezoelectric resonator. Vector analytical technology is used to obtain the amplitude and phase of the output at each sweeping frequency. The resonance frequency, quality factor (Q value) and phase parameters under the two special vibration modes of the piezoelectric resonator are extracted. The influence of driving signals on vibration characteristics of piezoelectric resonator are analyzed systematically.