High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Volume. 3, Issue 3, 03000001(2015)
The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser: toward an ultra-bright, high repetition-rate x-ray source
Figures & Tables(6)
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the time sequence of both the electron bunches and the x-ray pulses at the European XFEL.
Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the layout of the undulator and photon tunnels and of the instruments at the European XFEL. The linear accelerator is to the left of the figure. The SASE1, SASE2 and SASE3 undulator positions are visible; between the SASE1 and the SASE2 tunnels, the two additional undulator tunnels available for future developments are shown. Far right: the acronyms of the six baseline instruments are explained in Table
Fig. 3. Layout of the European XFEL facility; the path of the underground tunnels is superimposed on a map of the northwest part of Hamburg and the town of Schenefeld in Schleswig–Holstein.
Table 1. Basic parameters of the European XFEL.
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Basic parameters of the European XFEL.
Facility LCLS SACLA European (USA) (Japan) XFEL (SASE1 undulator) Max. electron energy (GeV) 14.3 8.0 17.5 Min. photon wavelength (nm) 0.15 0.06 ¡0.05 Photons/pulse 
Peak brilliance 
Average brilliance 
Pulses/second 120 60 27 000 Date of first beam 2009 2011 2016
Table 2. Target performances of detectors for the European XFEL.
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Target performances of detectors for the European XFEL.
Detector parameters AGIPD LPD DEPFET sensor with signal compression (DSSC) Energy range (keV) 3–13 (25) 5(1)–20 (25) 0.5–6 (25) Dynamic range (photons/pixel/pulse) 104 @ 12 keV 105 @ 12 keV 6000 @ 1 keV Single photon sensitivity yes yes yes Number of intermediate stored images 
512 
Pixel size 
200 × 200 500 × 500 236 × 236
Table 3. Schematic description of the scientific applications of the six baseline instruments.
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Schematic description of the scientific applications of the six baseline instruments.
Hard x-rays SASE1 SPB –SFX : Single particles, clusters and biomolecules – serial femtosecond crystallography (User Consortium):Structural determination of (mostly) biological objects FXE : Femtosecond x-ray experiments:time-resolved investigation of ultrafast processes in solids, liquids or gases SASE2 MID : Materials imaging and dynamics:structure and dynamics determination of disordered systems by coherent scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy HED : High energy-density matter:matter under extreme conditions, e.g., in very high fields, high temperature and pressures Soft x-rays SASE3 SQS : Small quantum systems:investigation of atoms, ions, molecules and clusters in intense fields, nonlinear x-ray optical phenomena SCS : Soft x-ray coherent scattering and spectroscopy:electronic and atomic structure, dynamics of nano-systems and non-reproducible biological systems with soft x-rays
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M. Altarelli. The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser: toward an ultra-bright, high repetition-rate x-ray source[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2015, 3(3): 03000001
Paper Information
Special Issue: FREE ELECTRON LASERS
Received: Jan. 31, 2015
Accepted: Apr. 29, 2015
Published Online: Jan. 7, 2016
The Author Email: M. Altarelli (massimo.altarelli@xfel.eu)
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