Fig. 1. Principle of TFTP. (a) Optical geometry; (b) intensity distribution along temporal axis at the same point

Fig. 2. Intensity (a) and Fourier spectrum (b) distribution of point P(x,y) along temporal axis of single frequency fringe

Fig. 3. Intensity (a) and Fourier spectrum (b) distribution of point P(x,y) along temporal axis of three-frequency phase-shifting composite fringe

Fig. 4. Simulated composite grating. (a) f₁= 5; (b) f₂= 12; (c) f₃= 20; (d) composite fringes

Fig. 5. Measured object at t=200

Fig. 6. Deformed fringe at t=200

Fig. 7. Measurement result at t=200. (a) 3D reconstructed result; (b) absolute error distribution; (c) height distribution and absolute error on row 450

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of a TFTP setup

Fig. 9. Rotating projector

Fig. 10. Radial grating

Fig. 11. System calibration process. (a) Standard block; (b) deformed fringes; (c) unwrapped phase distribution

Fig. 12. Motion reconstruction of the mini cylinders at different moments. (a) Deformed fringes; (b) 3D reconstructed shape of (a)

Fig. 13. Measurement of adult gestures. (a) Deformed fringes; (b) 3D reconstructed results of (a)

Fig. 14. Difference between of reconstructed phase of a standard plane by three methods. (a) Proposed method; (b) TFTP with single-frequency grating; (c) traditional FTP with single-frequency