[1] [1] Gupta T K. Application of zinc oxide varistors[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1990, 73(7): 1817-1840.

[2] [2] HSIANG H, CHEN C, KAO C. Effect of ZnBi2O4 and Bi2O3 addition on the densification, microstructure, and varistor properties of ZnO varistors[J]. Ceram Int, 2023, 49(2): 2244-2249.

[4] [4] BERNIK S, MACEK S, BUI A. The characteristics of ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics doped with Y2O3 and varying amounts of Sb2O3[J]. J Eur Ceram Soc, 2004, 24(6): 1195-1198.

[5] [5] OTT J, LORENZ A, HARRER M, et al. The influence of Bi2O3 and Sb2O3 on the electrical properties of ZnO-based Varistors[J]. J Electroceram, 2001, 6(2): 135-146.

[7] [7] CUI Fangfang, XU Zhijun, CHU Ruiqiang. Low temperature sintering ZnO-Bi2O3 based varistor ceramics with low electrical breakdown voltage and high nonlinear coefficient[J]. Ceram Int, 2021, 47(3): 4118-4126.

[8] [8] KIM J, KIMURA T, YAMAGUCHI T. Sintering of Zinc oxide doped with Antimony oxide and bismuth oxide[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1989, 72(8): 1390-1395.

[12] [12] CHU Shengyuan, YAN T M, CHEN Shenli. Analysis of ZnO varistors prepared by the sol-gel method[J]. Ceram Int, 2000, 26(7): 733-737.

[15] [15] LIU Wenjin, AI Jianping, LI Wenkui, et al. Improvement of properties of ZnO varistors by low-temperature two-step sintering method[J]. J Mater, 2022, 33(31): 23918-23926.

[16] [16] WURST J C, NELSON J A. Lineal intercept technique for measuring grain size in two-phase polycrystalline ceramics[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1972, 55(2): 109-109.

[17] [17] CHEN Baohui, WANG Bowen, GAO Pengzhao, et al. Effects of raw particle size and annealing on microstructure, electrical and mechanical behaviors of ZnO-based varistors[J]. J Alloys Compd, 2021, 872: 159638.

[18] [18] CHENG Xuanzhong, LU Zhenya, LIU Xingyue, et al. Improvement of surge current performances of ZnO varistor ceramics via C3N4-doping[J]. J Eur Ceram Soc, 2020, 40(6): 2390-2395.

[20] [20] METZ R, DELALU H, VIGNALOU J R, et al. Electrical properties of varistors in relation to their true bismuth composition after sintering[J]. Mater Chem Phys, 2000, 63(2): 157-162.

[22] [22] OLSSON E, DUNLOP G L. The effect of Bi2O3 content on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO varistor materials[J]. J Appl Phys, 1989, 66(9): 4317-4324.

[23] [23] WU Zhenhong, FANG Jianhui, XU Dong, et al. Effect of SiO2 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors[J]. Int J Min Met Mater, 2010, 17(1): 86-91.