Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material

Hao Ma; Yuanan Zhao; Yuchen Shao; Yafei Lian; Weili Zhang; Guohang Hu; Yuxin Leng; Jianda Shao

doi:10.1364/PRJ.417642

Photonics Research, Volume. 9, Issue 5, 678(2021)

Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material

Hao Ma^1,2,3, Yuanan Zhao^1,2,3、*, Yuchen Shao^1,2,3, Yafei Lian^1,2,3, Weili Zhang^1,2,3, Guohang Hu^1,2,3, Yuxin Leng⁴, and Jianda Shao^1,2,3,5,6

Author Affiliations

¹Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

²Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

⁴State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

⁵Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

⁶e-mail: jdshao@siom.ac.cn

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Figures & Tables(9)

$Characterization of as-deposited and annealed ITO films. SEM images showing (a) as-deposited ITO film and (b) ITO film annealed at 400˚C. (c) X-ray diffraction pattern. (d) Linear optical transmittance spectrum.$

Fig. 1. Characterization of as-deposited and annealed ITO films. SEM images showing (a) as-deposited ITO film and (b) ITO film annealed at 400˚C. (c) X-ray diffraction pattern. (d) Linear optical transmittance spectrum.

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Fig. 2. Real and imaginary components of the permittivity of ITO films. (a) As-deposited ITO film. (b) Post-annealed ITO film.

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Fig. 3. Optical nonlinear absorption measurement setup based on the Z-scan method.

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Fig. 4. Open aperture Z-scan results of as-deposited ITO films under excitation of 1030 nm at different input fluences.

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Fig. 5. Open aperture Z-scan results of as-deposited ITO films under excitation of 1440 nm at different input fluences. (a) OA Z-scan. (b) CA Z-scan.

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Fig. 6. Dependence of normalized transmittance of ITO films (as-deposited and annealed) on optical intensity using different pump sources. (a) 1030 nm. (b) 1440 nm.

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Fig. 7. Transient response of Te and Tl obtained using the two-temperature model under different pump fluences. (a) 1030 nm excitation. (b) 1440 nm excitation.

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Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity ( $I_{s}$ ) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient ( $γ$ )
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Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity ( $I_{s}$ ) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient ( $γ$ )
Laser Intensity ( $GW / {cm}^{2}$ ) 24.5 61.2 91.8 122.4 214.2
$I_{s}$ ( $GW / {cm}^{2}$ ) 64.4 67.1 76.1 105.9 88.5
$γ$ ( ${cm}^{3} / {GW}^{2}$ ) $3.6 \times 10^{- 3}$ $6.0 \times 10^{- 3}$ $4.9 \times 10^{- 2}$ $6.1 \times 10^{- 2}$ $8.8 \times 10^{- 2}$

Table 2. Hall-Effect Properties of As-deposited and Annealed ITO Films
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Table 2. Hall-Effect Properties of As-deposited and Annealed ITO Films
Samples Carrier Concentration ( ${cm}^{- 3}$ ) Mobility [ ${cm}^{2} / (V \cdot s)$ ] Resistivity ( $Ω \cdot cm$ )
As-deposited $7.5 \times 10^{21}$ 31.5 2.2
Annealed $1.6 \times 10^{21}$ 39.7 11.9

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Hao Ma, Yuanan Zhao, Yuchen Shao, Yafei Lian, Weili Zhang, Guohang Hu, Yuxin Leng, Jianda Shao. Principles to tailor the saturable and reverse saturable absorption of epsilon-near-zero material[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9(5): 678

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Paper Information

Category: Optical and Photonic Materials

Received: Dec. 15, 2020

Accepted: Feb. 27, 2021

Published Online: May. 24, 2021

The Author Email: Yuanan Zhao (yazhao@siom.ac.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.417642

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity (Is) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient (γ)

Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity (Is) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient (γ)

Table 2. Hall-Effect Properties of As-deposited and Annealed ITO Films

Table 2. Hall-Effect Properties of As-deposited and Annealed ITO Films

Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity ( $I_{s}$ ) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient ( $γ$ )

Table 1. Saturated Absorption Intensity ( $I_{s}$ ) and Corresponding Three-Photon Absorption Coefficient ( $γ$ )