Amorphous carbon materials exhibit more advantages in mechanical, optical and thermal properties with the increasing concentration of sp3-hybridized bonds. High pressure, as an extreme physical condition, can effectively trigger sp2 to sp3 bonding conversion in carbon materials. In this review, some recent achievements and progress on the synthesis of new superhard amorphous carbon materials under high pressure were introduced, mainly including the studies on the transformation of fullerene and glassy carbon into sp3 amorphous carbon material under high pressure and high temperature or high pressure with shear stress. These results deepen our understanding on the structural transition of covalently bonded amorphous materials and the relation between their microstructure and properties. Based on this, we also hold out some prospect for the future study of new superhard sp3 amorphous carbon materials under extreme conditions.