With the maturity of microfluidic technology, cross-fusion of microfluidic chip technology and optical microfluidic method in microstructured fiber has gradually formed a new development direction. This paper briefly reviews how this technology can integrate simple functions by using the special structure of microstructured fiber in the initial stage. It is now extended to a new stage of functional design of optical fibers based on special needs, in order to realize the purpose of constructing microfluidic sensing systems inside micro-structured optical fibers. The development of this direction not only promotes the combination of optical waveguide and microfluidic material detection technology, but also opens up a new method and a new way to realize the high-sensitivity fiber microfluidic sensor technology in the microstructure fiber with different detection principles.