Fig. 1. MMR infrared detector from Lockheed Martin USA^[6]

Fig. 2. MMR fabricated by conventional machining technology^[7]

Fig. 3. MMRs from Twente university Netherlands ^[8−10]

Fig. 4. Infinitesimal of MMR heat exchanger

Fig. 5. Flow pattern of the MMR

Fig. 6. The shape of the MMR and heat leakage direction

Fig. 7. Temperature distribution of MMR

Fig. 8. Glass MMR experimental prototype

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of MMR performance testing system

Fig. 10. Experimental and calculation results of the glass MMR flow rate

Fig. 11. Cool down curve of the glass MMR

Fig. 12. Metal MMR with adiabatic slots

Fig. 13. Temperature contour of the stainless steel MMR

Fig. 14. Flow channel of the stainless steel MMR

Fig. 15. The stainless steel MMR

Fig. 16. Cool down curve and flow rates of the stainless steel MMR

Fig. 17. Infrared detector and Dewar structure intergated with the MMR

Fig. 18. Stress calculation for the Kovar alloy MMR

Fig. 19. Kovar alloy MMR and gas connection

Fig. 20. Cool down curve for Kovar alloy MMR