Vibration signal analysis and recognition is one of the key technologies that affect the performance of perimeter system. This paper summarizes several algorithms commonly used in the field of optical fiber vibration signal recognition in recent years, including empirical mode decomposition recognition algorithm, neural network recognition algorithm, support vector machine recognition algorithm, extreme learning machine recognition algorithm, and stochastic configuration network recognition algorithm. The advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms are compared and the development trend of optical fiber vibration signal recognition algorithm is prospected.