[14] [14] GU Yi-cheng,FENG Shu-yu.Main charac teristics and technical counterm easures for blast cutting of frozen earth in the plateau area[C]∥ FRAGBLAST 7 ROCK FRAGMENTATION BY BLASTING.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2002,482-488.

[15] [15] SENGUPTA M.Logisttics of arctic ming[C]∥Preprints for presebtation at the Annual Meeting.New Orleans,Mining Engineers Press,1986.13-24.

[16] [16] PAUL J P,SENGUPTA M.Computer aided blasting-round design in an arctic coal[J].Mining Science& Technology,1987,5(3):299-308.

[17] [17] GAFFNEY E S,SMITH E A.HYDRO PLUS Experimental study of dry,saturated,and frozen geo logical materials[R].AD-A278 837.

[18] [18] MELLOR M.Blasting and blast effects in cold regions[R].Part1.AD-A166 315/1/HDM.

[19] [19] DUTTA P k,FARRELL D,KALAFUT J.CRREL(Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory) Hopkins on bar apparatus[R].AD-A190 599/1/HDM.

[20] [20] MCCOY J E.Excavation in frozen ground Alaska[R].AD-616314.

[21] [21] MELLOR M,SELLMANN P V.Experimental blasting in frozen ground.USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory[R].AD738 798.

[22] [22] BENERT R.(1961)Excavation in frozen ground-Critical depth shots(100 and 500 lb) in Fort Churchill till.Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory[R].AD652 715.

[23] [23] NORTH Smith.High-explosive cratering in frozen and unfrozen soil in Alaska[R].AD A084702.

[24] [24] MELLOR M.Blasting and blast effects in cold regions.Part 3.Explosions in grond materials[R].AD-A209 382 /1/HDM.

[25] [25] SIMPSON J K,JARRETT P J.Explosive excavation of frozen soils[C]∥Permafrost:Proceedings of International Conference.17-22 July,Fairbanks,Alaska.Washington,DC:National Acdemy Press,1160-1165.