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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 13, 1306021(2021)

Research Progress on Temperature-Strain Dual-Parameter Sensing in BOTDA System

Jingyang Liu1, Tao Wang1, Qian Zhang2, Jieru Zhao2, Mingjiang Zhang1,2、*, Jianzhong Zhang1,2, Lijun Qiao1, and Shaohua Gao2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan , Shanxi 030024, China
  • 2College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan , Shanxi 030024, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (17)
    Equations (6)
    References (66)
    Cited By (6)
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    Figures & Tables(17)
    Schematic of BOTDA[21]

    Fig. 1. Schematic of BOTDA[21]

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    BOTDA experimental setup based on reference fiber method[6]

    Fig. 2. BOTDA experimental setup based on reference fiber method[6]

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    BOTDA experimental setup based on FBG auxiliary method[7]

    Fig. 3. BOTDA experimental setup based on FBG auxiliary method[7]

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    BOTDA experimental setup based on multi-parameter demodulation method[9]

    Fig. 4. BOTDA experimental setup based on multi-parameter demodulation method[9]

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    Measurement results of the PCF as a sensing fiber[10]. (a) Brillouin loss spectrum of PCF with a partially Ge-doped core measured at 24 ℃and in a loose state; (b) Brillouin frequency shift of peaks a and c as function of strain; (c) Brillouin frequency shift of peaks a and c as function of temperature

    Fig. 5. Measurement results of the PCF as a sensing fiber[10]. (a) Brillouin loss spectrum of PCF with a partially Ge-doped core measured at 24 ℃and in a loose state; (b) Brillouin frequency shift of peaks a and c as function of strain; (c) Brillouin frequency shift of peaks a and c as function of temperature

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    BOTDA experimental setup with PMF fiber as a sensing fiber[11]

    Fig. 6. BOTDA experimental setup with PMF fiber as a sensing fiber[11]

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    BGS of LEAF at room temperature and relaxed state[12]

    Fig. 7. BGS of LEAF at room temperature and relaxed state[12]

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    Principle diagrams of mode launchers[13]. (a) Schematic diagram of a free-space mode launcher; (b) SLM phase patterns and the corresponding spatial modes

    Fig. 8. Principle diagrams of mode launchers[13]. (a) Schematic diagram of a free-space mode launcher; (b) SLM phase patterns and the corresponding spatial modes

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    Experimental setup for the FMF multi-parameter sensor based on BOTDA technique[13]

    Fig. 9. Experimental setup for the FMF multi-parameter sensor based on BOTDA technique[13]

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    Cross-section of dual-core optical fiber and frequency shifts of cores 1 and 2[14]. (a) Cross-section of dual-core optical fiber; (b) measured frequency shifts of cores 1 and 2

    Fig. 10. Cross-section of dual-core optical fiber and frequency shifts of cores 1 and 2[14]. (a) Cross-section of dual-core optical fiber; (b) measured frequency shifts of cores 1 and 2

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    Experimental set-up and results based on dual wavelength sensing demodulation method[15]. (a) Experimental set-up used for dual wavelength BOTDA measurements; (b) temperature (blue line) and strain (red line) profile reconstructions

    Fig. 11. Experimental set-up and results based on dual wavelength sensing demodulation method[15]. (a) Experimental set-up used for dual wavelength BOTDA measurements; (b) temperature (blue line) and strain (red line) profile reconstructions

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    Experimental setup of hybrid Raman/Brillouin optical time domain analysis distributed optical fiber sensors[16]

    Fig. 12. Experimental setup of hybrid Raman/Brillouin optical time domain analysis distributed optical fiber sensors[16]

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    Experimental setup of Rayleigh/Brillouin hybrid distributed optical fiber sensing[17]

    Fig. 13. Experimental setup of Rayleigh/Brillouin hybrid distributed optical fiber sensing[17]

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    Schematic diagram of the proposed solution based on ANN[18]. (a) Off-line stage: definition of pre-processing and ANN parameters and architecture; (b) online stage: real-time temperature-strain discrimination

    Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of the proposed solution based on ANN[18]. (a) Off-line stage: definition of pre-processing and ANN parameters and architecture; (b) online stage: real-time temperature-strain discrimination

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    Principle of using DNN for simultaneous temperature and strain measurement from double-peak BGS in LEAF[19]

    Fig. 15. Principle of using DNN for simultaneous temperature and strain measurement from double-peak BGS in LEAF[19]

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    Experimental results based on deep neural network algorithm[19]. (a) Measured BGS distributed along LEAF sensing fiber; (b) measured double-peak BGS of LEAF under room temperature of 23.5 ℃ and stain of 0 με; (c) measured BFS-temperature relations for Peak1 and Peak2; (d) measured BFS-strain relations for Peak1 and Peak2

    Fig. 16. Experimental results based on deep neural network algorithm[19]. (a) Measured BGS distributed along LEAF sensing fiber; (b) measured double-peak BGS of LEAF under room temperature of 23.5 ℃ and stain of 0 με; (c) measured BFS-temperature relations for Peak1 and Peak2; (d) measured BFS-strain relations for Peak1 and Peak2

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    • Table 1. Principles and performance characteristics of each program

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      Table 1. Principles and performance characteristics of each program

      Principle of demodulation schemeAdvantageDisadvantage
      Remove the BFS of the reference fiber from the measured fiber［6］Firstly realize the T and ε dual-parameter measurement1）Extra fiber length and measured time； 2）Measurement errors caused by differences of the fiber length and environments
      Combine BOTDA and FBG［7］Reduce experiment costs and raise measurement efficiencyCannot realize DFOS*
      Use BFS and power value of BGS for demodulation［9］Only use BOTDA system to measure a single fiberBGS peak power fluctuation reduces measurement accuracy
      Special fiber（PCF） Use multi-peak BGS frequency shift［10］Use the BFS of different peaks to obtain T and ε factorAdjacent BGPs crosstalk limits the measurement range
      （PMF） Combine BOTDA and BDG to obtain BFS and BireFS［11］Improved resolution and sensing sensitivityComplex system
      （LEAF）Use the linewidth and peak power of multi-peak BGS［12］Higher measurement accuracy than PCF fiberAdjacent BGPs crosstalk limits the measurement range
      （FMF）Measure BFS in different spatial modes［13］Avoid crosstalk of BGPs； increase the measurement range1） Sensitive to fiber bending；2） Lower measurement resolution
      （MCF） Measure the BFS of different cores［14］Multiple distributed sensing；higher measurementSensitive to fiber bending
      Measure BFS of different working wavelengths［15］Base on operating wavelength differencesLarger loss in 850 nm working mode
      Raman/Rayleigh scattering assistedHybrid BOTDA/R-DTS scheme［16］ based on coding technologyEliminate the constraints caused by different light sources between the two systemsComplex system
      Combine BOTDA and OFDR to obtain BFS and RBSS［17］Higher spatial resolution and measurement efficiency of OFDRHigh cost and low efficiency of the system
      Use DNN technology for demodulation［19］Higher measurement accuracy and faster demodulation speedLarge amounts of the experiment and simulation data before testing
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    Jingyang Liu, Tao Wang, Qian Zhang, Jieru Zhao, Mingjiang Zhang, Jianzhong Zhang, Lijun Qiao, Shaohua Gao. Research Progress on Temperature-Strain Dual-Parameter Sensing in BOTDA System[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(13): 1306021

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    Paper Information

    Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

    Received: Sep. 7, 2020

    Accepted: Nov. 5, 2020

    Published Online: Jul. 5, 2021

    The Author Email: Zhang Mingjiang (zhangmingjiang@tyut.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP202158.1306021

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology