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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 42, Issue 17, 1730001(2022)

Spectral Imaging for Lunar Orbit Exploration: Research Status and Technical Challenges

Zhiping He1,2、*, Yuhua Gui1,2, Jinning Li1,2, Lü Gang1,2, Rui Xu1,2, and Meizhu Wang1、**
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
  • 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (8)
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    References (32)
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    Figures & Tables(8)
    [in Chinese]

    Fig. 1. [in Chinese]

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    Major lunar remote sensing imaging spectrometer under development. (a) HVM3[14]; (b) LTM[14]; (c) WIRIS

    Fig. 2. Major lunar remote sensing imaging spectrometer under development. (a) HVM3[14]; (b) LTM[14]; (c) WIRIS

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    Challenges in imaging spectral detection of faint targets in lunar polar region

    Fig. 3. Challenges in imaging spectral detection of faint targets in lunar polar region

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    Diagram of impact crater at the lunar south pole and its topography. (a) Shackleton impact crater; (b) elevation map of impact crater profile acquired by LOLA altimeter

    Fig. 4. Diagram of impact crater at the lunar south pole and its topography. (a) Shackleton impact crater; (b) elevation map of impact crater profile acquired by LOLA altimeter

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    Schematic diagram of CRISM motion compensation mode[23]

    Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of CRISM motion compensation mode[23]

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    Example of a typical mid- and long-wave infrared background suppression spectrometer. (a) CRISM multi-temperature zone low temperature and spoke cooling temperature control[23]; (b) structural diagram of airborne thermal infrared hyperspectral imager[30]

    Fig. 6. Example of a typical mid- and long-wave infrared background suppression spectrometer. (a) CRISM multi-temperature zone low temperature and spoke cooling temperature control[23]; (b) structural diagram of airborne thermal infrared hyperspectral imager[30]

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    • Table 1. Performance comparison of current and subsequent major imaging spectrometer payloads for lunar exploration

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      Table 1. Performance comparison of current and subsequent major imaging spectrometer payloads for lunar exploration

      Payload

      IIM/China/

      CE-1

      M3/India/

      Chandrayaan-1

      Diviner/USA/

      LRO

      IIRS/India/

      Chandrayaan-2

      		HVM3/USA/ Lunar Trailblazer

      LTM/UK/

      Lunar Trailblazer

      WIRIS/China/

      CE-7

      Time2007200820092019~2025~2025~2025
      Spectral range /μm0.48-0.960.43-3.00.35-4000.8-5.00.6-3.6

      7.0-10.0，

      6-100

      		0.45-10.0

      Spectral

      resolution /nm

      7.62（at 0.48 μm），0.48

      29（at 0.96 μm）

      		~15—20-25~15

      <0.5（at

      7-10 μm）

      ≤10（at 0.45-3.0 μm），

      ≤0.2（at 3.0-10 μm）

      Number of

      spectral bands

      		322569160——≥500
      Performance

      SNR is ≥100（60°

      solar elevation

      angle and

      ρ=0.2）

      SNR is ≥100

      （10° solar

      elevation angle，

      Apollo16

      sampling area，

      1.44×1011 m）

      		-

      NEdR is

      0.001-0.005 mW·cm-2·sr-1·μm-1

      		SNR is >100 for specific areaNETD is ≤±2 K at 110-400 K

      ≥150（30°solar

      elevation angle，

      ρ=0.1，0.45-3.0 μm）；

      NETD is ≤

      ±0.5 K at 200-400 K

      Imaging field

      of view

      		7.3º24º

      6.7 mrad in-track，

      3.4 mrad cross track

      		11.4º24º6.3°≥3.8°

      Instantaneous

      field-of-view

      （IFOV）/mrad

      1

      （resolution is 200 m at 200 km）

      0.7

      （resolution is 70 m at 100 km）

      0.4

      （resolution is 40 m at 100 km）

      0.7

      （resolution is 70 m at

      100 km）

      0.25

      （resolution is

      25 m at 100 km）

      ≤0.2（0.45-3 μm）

      ≤0.3（3.0-10 μm）

      Swath

      width /km

      25.6（at

      200 km）

      		40（at 100 km）

      3.4（at

      50 km）

      		20（at 100 km）——

      ~2.7（at

      30 km），~9（at 100 km）

      Scanning functionN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AMotion compensation

    • Table 2. Performance comparison of high-resolution imaging spectrometer payloads based on motion compensation

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      Table 2. Performance comparison of high-resolution imaging spectrometer payloads based on motion compensation

      PayloadAHSI/China/GF-5CRISM/USA/MROMARJIS/Europe/JUICELEISA of L′Ralph/USA/Lucy
      Time20182005~2022（launch）2021（launch）
      Observation targetEarthMarsJupiter’s icy moonsA main belt asteroid and seven Trojans
      Spectral range /μm0.39-2.510.36-3.920.4-5.71.0-3.8
      IFOV /mrad0.040.06150.1250.08
      Orbit

      705 km

      （quasi-circular）

      255 km/320 km

      （quasi-circular）

      		––
      Motion compensation implementationReflective mirror scanning

      Spectrometer scanning

      （with gimbal）

      		Reflective mirror scanningReflective mirror scanning
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    Zhiping He, Yuhua Gui, Jinning Li, Lü Gang, Rui Xu, Meizhu Wang. Spectral Imaging for Lunar Orbit Exploration: Research Status and Technical Challenges[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2022, 42(17): 1730001

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    Paper Information

    Category: Spectroscopy

    Received: Jun. 6, 2022

    Accepted: Jun. 30, 2022

    Published Online: Sep. 16, 2022

    The Author Email: He Zhiping (hzping@mail.sitp.ac.cn), Wang Meizhu (mzhwang@mail.sitp.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS202242.1730001

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology