Photonics Research, Volume. 10, Issue 4, 1063(2022)

Efficient mid-infrared single-photon detection using superconducting NbTiN nanowires with high time resolution in a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler Spotlight on Optics

Jin Chang1,2、*, Johannes W. N. Los2, Ronan Gourgues2, Stephan Steinhauer3, S. N. Dorenbos2, Silvania F. Pereira1, H. Paul Urbach1, Val Zwiller3, and Iman Esmaeil Zadeh1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Optics Research Group, ImPhys Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
  • 2Single Quantum B.V., Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
  • 3KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Albanova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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    Figures & Tables(6)
    Illustration of (a) detector flood illumination, (b) a fiber-coupled detector, and (c) schematic of the efficiency measurement setup.
    Internal efficiency measurements of SNSPDs fabricated from (a) 9.5 nm and (b) 7.5 nm thick NbTiN films.
    (a) Photon counting rate (PCR) curves at 2700 nm of 60-120-r4 detectors from 7.5 nm (green) and 9.5 nm (blue) films, (b) PCR curves at 3001 nm of a 60-120-r4 detector/purple and a 1.1 μm×9 μm detector/red from 7.5 nm films, (c) PCR curves at 4013 nm of a 40-120-r5 detector from 6.5 nm film, and (d) yield statistics of devices made from films with different thicknesses.
    Fiber-coupled SNSPDs measurements of (a) SDE of detector #1 at 1310, 1625, 1550, and 2000 nm, (b) timing jitter of detector #1, (c) SDE of detector #2 at 2001 nm, and (d) DCRs of detector #2 under different conditions: no fiber (green), low-pass coated fiber (turquoise), UHNA fiber (red), and mid-IR fiber (purple) plugged in.
    • Table 1. Comparison of Different Mid-Infrared SNSPD Works

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      Table 1. Comparison of Different Mid-Infrared SNSPD Works

      MaterialsLinewidth/Film Thickness (nm)Operation TemperatureWavelength (μm)SDE (2 μm)/Jitter (ps)Reference
      Mo0.8Si0.230/680 mK1.55–5.07Unknown[28]
      WSi50/3.2850 mK4.8–9.9Unknown[29]
      WSi100/3.5400 mK1.5–6<1%/600[26]
      NbN30/5.51.5 K0.5–55%/unknown[27]
      NbN56/62.25 K1.55–263%/102[30]
      NbTiN40–60/7.5–9.52.5–2.8 K1.55–470%/14.3This work
    • Table 2. Flood Illumination Measurement Results of 9.5 and 7.5 nm NbTiN-Based SNSPDs

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      Table 2. Flood Illumination Measurement Results of 9.5 and 7.5 nm NbTiN-Based SNSPDs

      MeanderIc (μA)Rise Time (ps)Dead Time (ns)Jitter (ps)
      Structure9.5 nm7.5 nm9.5 nm7.5 nm9.5 nm7.5 nm9.5 nm7.5 nm
      80-160-r4.525.018.43503759.310.63044
      60-120-r418.214.032533511.612.64045
      40-80-r58.46.040042538.449.29397
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    Jin Chang, Johannes W. N. Los, Ronan Gourgues, Stephan Steinhauer, S. N. Dorenbos, Silvania F. Pereira, H. Paul Urbach, Val Zwiller, Iman Esmaeil Zadeh. Efficient mid-infrared single-photon detection using superconducting NbTiN nanowires with high time resolution in a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(4): 1063

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optoelectronics

    Received: Jul. 16, 2021

    Accepted: Jan. 23, 2022

    Published Online: Apr. 26, 2022

    The Author Email: Jin Chang (j.chang-1@tudelft.nl)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.437834

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