[1] Fercher A F, Drexler W, Hitzenberger C K et al. Optical coherence tomography-principles and applications[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 66, 239-303(2003).

[2] Zipfel W R, Williams R M, Webb W W. Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 21, 1369-1377(2003).

[3] Horton N G, Wang K, Kobat D et al. In vivo three-photon microscopy of subcortical structures within an intact mouse brain[J]. Nature Photonics, 7, 205-209(2013).

[4] Wang K, Horton N G, Xu C. Going deep: brain imaging with multi-photon microscopy[J]. Optics and Photonics News, 24, 32-39(2013).

[5] Pearson J E, Hansen S. Experimental studies of a deformable-mirror adaptive optical system[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 325-333(1977).

[6] Hardy J W. Active optics: a new technology for the control of light[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 66, 651-697(1978).

[7] Grosso R P, Yellin M. The membrane mirror as an adaptive optical element[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 399-406(1977).

[8] Egeblad M, Werb Z. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2, 161-174(2002).

[9] Geiger B, Bershadsky A, Pankov R et al. Transmembrane crosstalk between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2, 793-805(2001).

[10] Abbott N J, Rönnbäck L, Hansson E. Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 41-53(2006).

[11] Tomlins P H, Wang R K. Theory, developments and applications of optical coherence tomography[J]. Journal of Physics D, 38, 2519-2535(2005).

[12] Huang D, Swanson E A, Lin C P et al. Optical coherence tomography[J]. Science, 254, 1178-1181(1991).

[13] Li P, Yang S S, Ding Z H et al. Research progress in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 45, 0207011(2018).

[14] Wang C, Ding Z H, Mei S T et al. Ultralong-range phase imaging with orthogonal dispersive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Letters, 37, 4555-4557(2012).

[15] Li P, Ding Z H, Ni Y et al. Visualization of the ocular pulse in the anterior chamber of the mouse eye in vivo using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 19, 090502(2014).

[16] Sharma U, Kang J U. Common-path optical coherence tomography with side-viewing bare fiber probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 78, 113102(2007).

[17] Moon S, Piao Z L, Kim C S et al. Lens-free endoscopy probe for optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Letters, 38, 2014-2016(2013).

[18] Lee J, Chae Y, Ahn Y C et al. Ultra-thin and flexible endoscopy probe for optical coherence tomography based on stepwise transitional core fiber[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 6, 1782-1796(2015).

[19] Ding Z, Qiu J, Shen Y et al. Lens-free all-fiber probe with an optimized output beam for optical coherence tomography[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 2814-2817(2017).

[20] Li P, Reif R, Zhi Z W et al. Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography characterization of pulse-induced trabecular meshwork displacement in ex vivo non-human primate eyes[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 17, 076026(2012).

[21] Gao S S, Jia Y L, Zhang M et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 57, OCT27-OCT36(2016).

[22] Xing F J, Lee J H, Polucha C et al. Three-dimensional imaging of spatio-temporal dynamics of small blood capillary network in the cortex based on optical coherence tomography: a review[J]. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 13, 2030002(2019).

[23] Zhang A Q, Zhang Q Q, Chen C L et al. Methods and algorithms for optical coherence tomography-based angiography: a review and comparison[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 20, 100901(2015).

[24] Kashani A H, Chen C L, Gahm J K et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography: a comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications[J]. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 60, 66-100(2017).

[25] Chen C L, Wang R K. Optical coherence tomography based angiography[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 8, 1056-1082(2017).

[26] Jia Y L, Bailey S T, Wilson D J et al. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration[J]. Ophthalmology, 121, 1435-1444(2014).

[27] Chu Z D, Lin J, Gao C et al. Quantitative assessment of the retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 21, 066008(2016).

[28] Chalam K V, Sambhav K. Optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal diseases[J]. Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 11, 84-92(2016).

[29] Roisman L, Zhang Q Q, Wang R K et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of asymptomatic neovascularization in intermediate age-related macular degeneration[J]. Ophthalmology, 123, 1309-1319(2016).

[30] Liew Y M, McLaughlin R A, Gong P J et al. In vivo assessment of human burn scars through automated quantification of vascularity using optical coherence tomography[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 18, 061213(2013).

[31] Baran U, Choi W J, Wang R K. Potential use of OCT-based microangiography in clinical dermatology[J]. Skin Research and Technology, 22, 238-246(2016).

[32] Ulrich M, Themstrup L, de Carvalho N et al. Dynamic optical coherence tomography in dermatology[J]. Dermatology, 232, 298-311(2016).

[33] Baran U, Wang R K. Review of optical coherence tomography based angiography in neuroscience[J]. Neurophotonics, 3, 010902(2016).

[34] Shin P, Choi W, Joo J et al. Quantitative hemodynamic analysis of cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling using optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 39, 1983-1994(2019).

[35] Jia Y L, Li P, Wang R K. Optical microangiography provides an ability to monitor responses of cerebral microcirculation to hypoxia and hyperoxia in mice[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16, 096019(2011).

[36] Jia Y L, Wang R K. Label-free in vivo optical imaging of functional microcirculations within meninges and cortex in mice[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 194, 108-115(2010).

[37] Park K S, Shin J G, Qureshi M M et al. Deep brain optical coherence tomography angiography in mice: in vivo, noninvasive imaging of hippocampal formation[J]. Scientific Reports, 8, 11614(2018).

[38] Yang S S, Liu K Z, Yao L et al. Correlation of optical attenuation coefficient estimated using optical coherence tomography with changes in astrocytes and neurons in a chronic photothrombosis stroke model[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 10, 6258-6271(2019).

[39] Yang S Z, Liu L W, Chang Y X et al. In vivo mice brain microcirculation monitoring based on contrast-enhanced SD-OCT[J]. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 12, 1950001(2019).

[40] Vakoc B J, Lanning R M, Tyrrell J A et al. Three-dimensional microscopy of the tumor microenvironment in vivo using optical frequency domain imaging[J]. Nature Medicine, 15, 1219-1223(2009).

[41] Braaf B, Donner S, Nam A S et al. Complex differential variance angiography with noise-bias correction for optical coherence tomography of the retina[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 9, 486-506(2018).

[42] Enfield J, Jonathan E, Leahy M. In vivo imaging of the microcirculation of the volar forearm using correlation mapping optical coherence tomography (cmOCT)[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 2, 1184-1193(2011).

[43] Gao S S, Jia Y L, Liu L et al. Compensation for reflectance variation in vessel density quantification by optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 57, 4485-4492(2016).

[44] de Carlo T E, Romano A, Waheed N K et al. A review of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)[J]. International Journal of Retina and Vitreous, 1, 5(2015).

[45] Li P, Huang Z Y, Yang S S et al. Adaptive classifier allows enhanced flow contrast in OCT angiography using a histogram-based motion threshold and 3D Hessian analysis-based shape filtering[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 4816-4819(2017).

[46] Nam A S, Chico-Calero I, Vakoc B J. Complex differential variance algorithm for optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 5, 3822-3832(2014).

[47] Zhang A Q, Wang R K. Feature space optical coherence tomography based micro-angiography[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 6, 1919-1928(2015).

[48] Cheng Y X, Guo L, Pan C et al. Statistical analysis of motion contrast in optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 20, 116004(2015).

[49] Guo L, Li P, Pan C et al. Improved motion contrast and processing efficiency in OCT angiography using complex-correlation algorithm[J]. Journal of Optics, 18, 025301(2016).

[50] Huang L Z, Fu Y M, Chen R X et al. SNR-adaptive OCT angiography enabled by statistical characterization of intensity and decorrelation with multi-variate time series model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 38, 2695-2704(2019).

[51] Li H K, Liu K Y, Cao T T et al. High performance OCTA enabled by combining features of shape, intensity, and complex decorrelation[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 368-371(2021).

[52] Yang S S, Liu K Z, Ding H J et al. Longitudinal in vivo intrinsic optical imaging of cortical blood perfusion and tissue damage in focal photothrombosis stroke model[J]. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 39, 1381-1393(2019).

[53] Chen R X, Yao L, Liu K Y et al. Improvement of decorrelation-based OCT angiography by an adaptive spatial-temporal kernel in monitoring stimulus-evoked hemodynamic responses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 39, 4286-4296(2020).

[54] Deng X F, Liu K Y, Zhu T P et al. Dynamic inverse SNR-decorrelation OCT angiography with GPU acceleration[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 13, 3615-3628(2022).

[55] Zhang Y, Yao L, Yang F et al. INS-fOCT: a label-free, all-optical method for simultaneously manipulating and mapping brain function[J]. Neurophotonics, 7, 015014(2020).

[56] McNichols R J, Cote G L. Optical glucose sensing in biological fluids: an overview[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 5, 5-16(2000).

[57] Shokrekhodaei M, Quinones S. Review of non-invasive glucose sensing techniques: optical, electrical and breath acetone[J]. Sensors, 20, 1251(2020).

[58] De Pretto L R, Yoshimura T M, Ribeiro M S et al. Optical coherence tomography for blood glucose monitoring in vitro through spatial and temporal approaches[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 21, 086007(2016).

[59] Larin K V, Motamedi M, Ashitkov T V et al. Specificity of noninvasive blood glucose sensing using optical coherence tomography technique: a pilot study[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 48, 1371-1390(2003).

[60] Liu K Y, Zhu T P, Yao L et al. Noninvasive OCT angiography-based blood attenuation measurements correlate with blood glucose level in the mouse retina[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 12, 4680-4688(2021).

[61] Yao L, Li H K, Liu K Y et al. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography angiography using inverse SNR-amplitude decorrelation features and electrothermal micro-electro-mechanical system raster scan[J]. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 12, 3078-3091(2022).

[62] Yao L, Zhou Y, Liu K Y et al. Endoscopic OCT angiography using clinical proximal-end scanning catheters[J]. Photonics, 9, 329(2022).

[63] Wang T Y, Xu C. Three-photon neuronal imaging in deep mouse brain[J]. Optica, 7, 947-960(2020).

[64] Cheng L C, Horton N G, Wang K et al. Measurements of multiphoton action cross sections for multiphoton microscopy[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 5, 3427-3433(2014).

[65] Ouzounov D G, Wang T Y, Wang M R et al. In vivo three-photon imaging of activity of GCaMP6-labeled neurons deep in intact mouse brain[J]. Nature Methods, 14, 388-390(2017).

[66] Wang T Y, Ouzounov D G, Wu C Y et al. Three-photon imaging of mouse brain structure and function through the intact skull[J]. Nature Methods, 15, 789-792(2018).

[67] Chen D X, Chen G, Jiang W et al. Association of the collagen signature in the tumor microenvironment with lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer[J]. JAMA Surgery, 154, e185249(2019).

[68] Cheng H, Tong S, Deng X Q et al. In vivo deep-brain imaging of microglia enabled by three-photon fluorescence microscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 5271-5274(2020).

[69] Liu H J, Deng X Q, Tong S et al. In vivo deep-brain structural and hemodynamic multiphoton microscopy enabled by quantum dots[J]. Nano Letters, 19, 5260-5265(2019).

[70] Wang Y L, Chen M, Alifu N et al. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen with deep-red emission for through-skull three-photon fluorescence imaging of mouse[J]. ACS Nano, 11, 10452-10461(2017).

[71] Alifu N, Zebibula A, Zhang H Q et al. NIR-IIb excitable bright polymer dots with deep-red emission for in vivo through-skull three-photon fluorescence bioimaging[J]. Nano Research, 13, 2632-2640(2020).

[72] Qin W, Alifu N, Lam J W Y et al. Facile synthesis of efficient luminogens with AIE features for three-photon fluorescence imaging of the brain through the intact skull[J]. Advanced Materials, 32, 2000364(2020).

[73] Ni H W, Xu Z C, Li D Y et al. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen for in vivo three-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopic imaging[J]. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 12, 1940005(2019).

[74] Li D Y, Zhang H Q, Chu L L et al. Photosensitizer doped colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for three-photon photodynamic therapy[J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 47, 3081-3090(2015).

[75] Wang S W, Li X Q, Chong S Y et al. In vivo three-photon imaging of lipids using ultrabright fluorogens with aggregation-induced emission[J]. Advanced Materials, 33, 2007490(2021).

[76] Choe K, Hontani Y, Wang T Y et al. Intravital three-photon microscopy allows visualization over the entire depth of mouse lymph nodes[J]. Nature Immunology, 23, 330-340(2022).

[77] Streich L, Boffi J C, Wang L et al. High-resolution structural and functional deep brain imaging using adaptive optics three-photon microscopy[J]. Nature Methods, 18, 1253-1258(2021).

[78] Zhang C, Feng W, Zhao Y J et al. A large, switchable optical clearing skull window for cerebrovascular imaging[J]. Theranostics, 8, 2696-2708(2018).

[79] Li D Y, Zheng Z, Yu T T et al. Visible‐near infrared‐II skull optical clearing window for in vivo cortical vasculature imaging and targeted manipulation[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 13, e202000142(2020).

[80] He M B, Li D Y, Zheng Z et al. Ultra-deep through-skull mouse brain imaging via the combination of skull optical clearing and three-photon microscopy[EB/OL]. https: // www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473469v1.full.pdf+html

[81] Xu Z R, Zhang Z J, Deng X Q et al. Deep-brain three-photon imaging enabled by aggregation-induced emission luminogens with near-infrared-III excitation[J]. ACS Nano, 16, 6712-6724(2022).

[82] Ni H W, Wang Y L, Tang T et al. Quantum dots assisted in vivo two-photon microscopy with NIR-II emission[J]. Photonics Research, 10, 189-196(2022).

[83] Li B, Wu C Y, Wang M R et al. An adaptive excitation source for high-speed multiphoton microscopy[J]. Nature Methods, 17, 163-166(2020).

[84] Muth F, Healy S D. The role of adult experience in nest building in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata[J]. Animal Behaviour, 82, 185-189(2011).

[85] Jiang W H. Overview of adaptive optics development[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 45, 170489(2018).

[86] Booth M J, Débarre D, Jesacher A. Adaptive optics for biomedical microscopy[J]. Optics and Photonics News, 23, 22-29(2012).

[87] Ragazzoni R. Pupil plane wavefront sensing with an oscillating prism[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 43, 289-293(1996).

[88] Tyson R K, Wizinowich P L. Principles of adaptive optics[J]. Physics Today, 45, 100(1992).

[89] Hampson K M, Turcotte R, Miller D T et al. Adaptive optics for high-resolution imaging[J]. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 1, 68(2021).

[90] Albert O, Sherman L, Mourou G et al. Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 25, 52-54(2000).

[91] Booth M J, Neil M A A, Juskaitis R et al. Adaptive aberration correction in a confocal microscope[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 5788-5792(2002).

[92] Débarre D, Botcherby E J, Booth M J et al. Adaptive optics for structured illumination microscopy[J]. Optics Express, 16, 9290-9305(2008).

[93] Débarre D, Botcherby E J, Watanabe T et al. Image-based adaptive optics for two-photon microscopy[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 2495-2497(2009).

[94] Gould T J, Burke D, Bewersdorf J et al. Adaptive optics enables 3D STED microscopy in aberrating specimens[J]. Optics Express, 20, 20998-21009(2012).

[95] Ji N, Milkie D E, Betzig E. Adaptive optics via pupil segmentation for high-resolution imaging in biological tissues[J]. Nature Methods, 7, 141-147(2010).

[96] Ji N, Sato T R, Betzig E. Characterization and adaptive optical correction of aberrations during in vivo imaging in the mouse cortex[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 22-27(2012).

[97] Cui M. Parallel wavefront optimization method for focusing light through random scattering media[J]. Optics Letters, 36, 870-872(2011).

[98] Tang J Y, Germain R N, Cui M. Superpenetration optical microscopy by iterative multiphoton adaptive compensation technique[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 8434-8439(2012).

[99] Kong L J, Cui M. In vivo fluorescence microscopy via iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique[J]. Optics Express, 22, 23786-23794(2014).

[100] Yan W, Yang Y L, Tan Y et al. Coherent optical adaptive technique improves the spatial resolution of STED microscopy in thick samples[J]. Photonics Research, 5, 176-181(2017).

[101] Wu C X, Chen J J, Si K et al. Aberration corrections of doughnut beam by adaptive optics in the turbid medium[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 12, e201900125(2019).

[102] Paine S W, Fienup J R. Machine learning for improved image-based wavefront sensing[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 1235-1238(2018).

[103] Jin Y C, Zhang Y Y, Hu L J et al. Machine learning guided rapid focusing with sensor-less aberration corrections[J]. Optics Express, 26, 30162-30171(2018).

[104] Nishizaki Y, Valdivia M, Horisaki R et al. Deep learning wavefront sensing[J]. Optics Express, 27, 240-251(2019).

[105] Hu S W, Hu L J, Gong W et al. Deep learning based wavefront sensor for complex wavefront detection in adaptive optical microscopes[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 22, 1277-1288(2021).

[106] Zheng Y, Chen J J, Wu C X et al. Adaptive optics for structured illumination microscopy based on deep learning[J]. Cytometry Part A, 99, 622-631(2021).

[107] Hu L J, Hu S W, Gong W et al. Image enhancement for fluorescence microscopy based on deep learning with prior knowledge of aberration[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 2055-2058(2021).

[108] Hu L J, Hu S W, Gong W et al. Learning-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for high-order aberration detection[J]. Optics Express, 27, 33504-33517(2019).

[109] Lin H X, Zuo N, Zhuo S M et al. Application of multiphoton microscopy in disease diagnosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 45, 0207014(2018).

[110] Liu Z Y, Meng J, Qiu J R et al. Accurate characterization of spatial orientations of fiber-like structures in biological tissues and its applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 47, 0207002(2020).

[111] Napadow V J, Chen Q, Mai V et al. Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional-resolved fiber architecture in heterogeneous skeletal muscle tissue using NMR and optical imaging methods[J]. Biophysical Journal, 80, 2968-2975(2001).

[112] Altendorf H, Decencière E, Jeulin D et al. Imaging and 3D morphological analysis of collagen fibrils[J]. Journal of Microscopy, 247, 161-175(2012).

[113] Schriefl A J, Zeindlinger G, Pierce D M et al. Determination of the layer-specific distributed collagen fibre orientations in human thoracic and abdominal aortas and common iliac arteries[J]. Journal of the Royal Society, 9, 1275-1286(2012).

[114] Barnes C, Speroni L, Quinn K P et al. From single cells to tissues: interactions between the matrix and human breast cells in real time[J]. PLoS One, 9, e93325(2014).

[115] Zemel A, Rehfeldt F, Brown A E X et al. Optimal matrix rigidity for stress-fibre polarization in stem cells[J]. Nature Physics, 6, 468-473(2010).

[116] Sivaguru M, Durgam S, Ambekar R et al. Quantitative analysis of collagen fiber organization in injured tendons using Fourier transform-second harmonic generation imaging[J]. Optics Express, 18, 24983-24993(2010).

[117] Bancelin S, Nazac A, Ibrahim B H et al. Determination of collagen fiber orientation in histological slides using Mueller microscopy and validation by second harmonic generation imaging[J]. Optics Express, 22, 22561-22574(2014).

[118] Lau T Y, Ambekar R, Toussaint K C. Quantification of collagen fiber organization using three-dimensional Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation imaging[J]. Optics Express, 20, 21821-21832(2012).

[119] Liu Z Y, Quinn K P, Speroni L et al. Rapid three-dimensional quantification of voxel-wise collagen fiber orientation[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 6, 2294-2310(2015).

[120] Liu Z Y, Pouli D, Sood D et al. Automated quantification of three-dimensional organization of fiber-like structures in biological tissues[J]. Biomaterials, 116, 34-47(2017).

[121] Ambekar R, Lau T Y, Walsh M et al. Quantifying collagen structure in breast biopsies using second-harmonic generation imaging[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 3, 2021-2035(2012).

[122] Nair S N, Dasari A, Yue C Y et al. Failure behavior of unidirectional composites under compression loading: effect of fiber waviness[J]. Materials, 10, 909(2017).

[123] Qian S H, Meng J, Feng Z et al. Mapping organizational changes of fiber‐like structures in disease progression by multi-parametric, quantitative imaging[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 16, 2100576(2022).

[124] Qian S H, Meng J, Liu W J et al. Identification of endoplasmic reticulum formation mechanism by multi-parametric, quantitative super-resolution imaging[J]. Optics Letters, 47, 357-360(2022).

[125] Meng J, Feng Z, Qian S H et al. Mapping physiological and pathological functions of cortical vasculature through aggregation-induced emission nanoprobes assisted quantitative, in vivo NIR-II imaging[J]. Biomaterials Advances, 136, 212760(2022).