The scientific research of Hollow Core Anti Resonant Optical Fiber (HCARF) has made a great breakthrough progress, which is expected to break through some inherent limitations of traditional optical fibers. The HCARF guides the light beam in the air core, which has incomparable advantages in transmission and application compared with traditional optical fibers. Therefore, HCARF has become a hot research topic in the field of optical fiber communication area. In this paper, the light guiding mechanism of HCARF is introduced. The capacity advantage of hollow fiber in optical fiber communication system is analyzed. The development opportunities and challenges of HCARF are elaborated. It is beneficial to provide some reference value for the next generation of large capacity ultra-wideband long-distance transmission optical fiber in China.