Matter and Radiation at Extremes, Volume. 6, Issue 2, 026904(2021)

On the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in the presence of background magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas

M. J.-E. Manuel1,a)... B. Khiar2, G. Rigon3, B. Albertazzi3, S. R. Klein4, F. Kroll5, F. -E. Brack5,6, T. Michel3, P. Mabey3, S. Pikuz7, J. C. Williams1, M. Koenig3, A. Casner8 and C. C. Kuranz4 |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
  • 2University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 3Laboratoire pour l’utilisation des lasers intenses, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
  • 4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 5Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
  • 6Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
  • 7National Research Nuclear University, Moscow 115409, Russia
  • 8Centre lasers intenses et applications, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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    Figures & Tables(10)
    Critical wavelength plotted as a function of B-field strength for Rayleigh–Taylor (RT)-relevant parameters in the northern edge of the Crab Nebula. In this system, the low-density pulsar wind nebula (PWN) pushes on the high-density supernova (SN) ejecta.
    Contour plots of λc (μm) as a function of Δρ and g for typical parameter ranges found in laser-driven experiments with a 10-T or 40-T B-field aligned parallel to the wave vector in the ideal-MHD limit.
    (a) Schematic of physics package, laser drive, and B-field orientation across rippled interface. (b) Experimental setup showing x-ray radiography configuration with B-field now out of the page. Streaked self-emission is also collected with a field of view aligned with the shock tube to measure interface velocity. (c) Predicted density distributions from resistive- and ideal-MHD simulations at 20 ns illustrating the effect of a 10-T B-field on the RT evolution in LULI experiments under varying resistivities. (d) Shock position (similar in all cases) and peak-to-valley (P–V) amplitudes plotted as a function of time. The cases of B = 0 T and nominal Spitzer resistivity overlap, as suggested by the images shown in (c). Under ideal-MHD conditions, the P–V amplitude deviates significantly from that in the unmagnetized and nominal-Spitzer cases.
    (a) Radiographs from flat CHI experiments at three different times with and without the 10-T B-field. (b) Experimental positions of the CHI interface from radiographs for B = 0 T (blue squares) and B = 10 T (red circles). Ideal-MHD FLASH calculations (solid lines) predict no difference in the interface position and fit parabolic trajectories (dotted lines past 30 ns). The high-opacity (dark gray) region near the bottom of each x-ray radiograph is caused by mid-Z shielding near the base of the target.
    Streaked optical emission data for a B = 0 T shot with the simulated CHI trajectory (solid line) and extrapolated parabolic fit (dotted line). Expansion of the CHI begins to cause deviation from the parabolic fit for t ≳ 30 ns. Consistent with the radiographic data from flat CHI experiments, the typical streaked emission data are unchanged upon adding a 10-T B-field.
    (a) Experimental x-ray radiographs of CHI foils with machined sinusoidal perturbations with wavelength λ = 120 μm and initial P–V amplitude 20 μm. (b) Measurements of P–V amplitude as a function of time for experiments with (red circles) and without (blue circles) a 10-T B-field. FLASH simulation results from Fig. 3 are shown as well.
    B-field distributions (T) from ideal- and resistive-MHD FLASH calculations. Ideal MHD predicts >10× increase in B-field strength, whereas a Spitzer model in resistive MHD shows an increase of ∼ 2×.
    Scanning electron microscope images of different versions of GACH: (a) 8.5-mg/cc GACH foam used in this work, showing sub-micron pore structure; (b) 30-mg/cc GACH showing uniform distribution of ZnO nanoparticles; (c) shard from a GACH sphere coated with 5 μm of solid gas-discharge-polymer (GDP), showing no penetration of the coating material into the foam structure.
    (a) X-ray radiograph of undriven target showing foam-filled shock tube; the CHI is obscured by the shielding. (b) Lineouts of mesh in near-axial and near-radial directions show an isotropic magnification of 17.2. (c) A Gaussian blur with a standard deviation of 11 pixels fits the knife-edge data and corresponds to a 2σ resolution of ∼32 μm.
    • Table 1. Nominal parameters for northern rim of Crab Nebula5–7,15,36 and LULI experiments.

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      Table 1. Nominal parameters for northern rim of Crab Nebula5–7,15,36 and LULI experiments.

      CrabLULI
      ρl (g/cm3)≲10−24∼3 × 10−2 (A = 6.5, Zmax = 3.5)
      ρh (g/cm3)∼10−22∼3 × 10−1 (A = 13.3, Zmax = 6.3)
      g (cm/s2)∼7.3 × 10−4∼5.9 × 1013
      λRT (cm)∼2 × 10171.2 × 10−2
      B (T)∼40 × 10−9∼20
      γcl1 (s)∼6.7 × 109∼6.3 × 10−9
      vdrift (cm/s)∼108∼40 × 105
      ni,l (cm−3)∼1.5 × 10−1∼2.8 × 1021
      ni,h (cm−3)∼1.5 × 102∼1.3 × 1022
      Z∼1∼1
      Tl (eV)∼2∼5
      Th (eV)∼2∼1
      βl∼1.6∼3 × 102
      βh∼1.6 × 103∼3 × 103
      Rem,l∼3 × 1018∼0.9
      Rem,h∼3 × 1018∼0.03
      Rel∼1.3 × 106∼1.2 × 105
      Reh∼1.1 × 109∼2.3 × 108
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    M. J.-E. Manuel, B. Khiar, G. Rigon, B. Albertazzi, S. R. Klein, F. Kroll, F. -E. Brack, T. Michel, P. Mabey, S. Pikuz, J. C. Williams, M. Koenig, A. Casner, C. C. Kuranz. On the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in the presence of background magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2021, 6(2): 026904

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    Paper Information

    Category: Radiation and Hydrodynamics

    Received: Aug. 19, 2020

    Accepted: Jan. 26, 2021

    Published Online: Apr. 22, 2021

    The Author Email: Manuel M. J.-E. (manuelm@fusion.gat.com)

    DOI:10.1063/5.0025374

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