The need to improve the accuracy of Line of Sight (LOS) for long-distance, long-focus, and high-resolution airborne photoelectric payloads is crucial. Starting from the basic principles of current, speed, and position three-loop control, our study analyzed torque control of motors, disturbance suppression, and robustness of time delay. First, the drive and control methods of a new brushless motor at the current loop were analyzed, and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages were presented. Second, the problem of active disturbance rejection internal loop and speed feedback external loop control was discussed, and the control performance of visual axis motion speed was improved from a control algorithm perspective. Moreover, considering the constraint of mechanical rigidity on control gain, the corresponding control method was analyzed from the perspective of two-stage control based on fast steering mirrors. Third, the typical position loop control problem of target tracking and tracking control was analyzed, and the corresponding theoretical research progress was discussed from the viewpoint of time-delay feedback control. Finally, some research suggestions on airborne photoelectric payload LOS control technology were presented, combined with the developing trends of current technologies.